推荐回答(5个)
先说说为什么要换挡
换挡的目的有两个,第一是保持发动机的驱动力,第二是保证发动机运行在经济转速以节约燃油。在这里我们把变速箱的档位分成低速挡和高速挡来说明。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F3c6d55fbb2fb431653aca60730a4462309f7d318%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
低速挡的意思就是变速箱输入轴齿轮直径小于输出轴齿轮直径,发动机带着输入轴的小齿轮去驱动输出轴的大齿轮,这样的结果就是转速被降低,发动机转得虽快可是车速提不起来。但是扭矩却放大了,发动机驱动车辆不费劲。一般1、2、3挡都是小齿轮驱动大齿轮。上图就是一个很好的低速挡例子。想象一下我们骑变速自行车时挂低速挡蹬起来特别轻,但是跑不快。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F21a4462309f79052dcac9b431cf3d7ca7bcbd518%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
而高速挡的意思是变速箱输入轴齿轮直径大于输出轴齿轮直径。相当于发动机驱动一个大齿轮去带动小齿轮,效果就是转速被放大了,发动机转速不用很高就能获得比较快的车速。但是扭矩却被削减,发动机驱动车辆更费劲。汽车最高档一般都是高速挡。上图就是高速挡的例子,骑变速车时如果挂这个档位的话蹬起来特别费劲,但是车速很快。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F9922720e0cf3d7ca3345e30be21fbe096b63a918%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
我们开车起步时需要驱动轮有比较大的扭矩来让车辆动起来,所以这时候选择低速挡,这样发动机不用费太大力气就能让车辆起步。但是车跑起来后我们如果不换挡的话车速提不起来,毕竟一挡就算发动机转速达到6000车速也不过50-60公里/小时,这样噪音还大、油耗也大、发动机磨损也大。所以这时候需要根据情况换入较高的档位。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F7acb0a46f21fbe0927ed1f697b600c338744ad18%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
同样的我们以高档位高速行驶时如果遇到陡坡的话发动机阻力会增大,这时候动力稍显不足,我们就要换低档位以增加驱动力以免拖档导致熄火。
看到这里哪怕你是个新手我想也应该能弄清楚为什么要换挡了吧。下面就说如何选择换挡时机。方法很简单:按需求和实际情况来。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F0d338744ebf81a4c028130b4c72a6059252da618%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
比如你想平稳驾驶,而且行驶在平路上,这时候就可以在比较低的转速换挡。因为平路上车辆行驶阻力小,而且你是平稳驾驶平稳加速,不需要太大的动力。这时候即使换挡转速低一些也不会动力不足。重点是多少转速才算比较低呢?这个问题我也不知道,如果我开着你的车试一圈就知道了,但是告诉你这些没意思,因为我们不可能换一次挡还要看一下转速。所以还是要凭感觉来,这并不难,你觉得可以换了就换,大不了动力不足拖档了咱再降档就行,换几次后你就可以灵活掌握了。
如果你想快速提高车速那就在一个档位把转速尽量拉高后再换挡,这样可以在每个档位下都能获得较高的加速度,具体多高才算高呢?还是凭感觉,因为车辆在加速的时候驾驶员可以清楚地感觉到加速度,如果你觉得加速程度够了那就踩离合换挡。如果感觉加速程度还差点意思那就继续大脚油门提速,踩几次就有感觉了。
总之手动变速箱想要掌握好换挡就要不怕熄火,感觉想换就换,管他熄火不熄火,熄火了大不了重新点火就行,又不犯法。熄几次火你就熟悉了。
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最后告诉大家两个比较迅速有效的练习方法:第一个方法是在行驶中尽量以最低转速升挡,比如一档起步后立马换二档,换完挡后不要急着松完离合器,而是慢慢放,如果感觉动力不足了再降回一挡,然后踩油门再提高点转速接着升挡,直到你松开离合器后不拖档为止。第二个方法是尝试大力加速。比如一档起步后把转速拉高点换二挡,二挡同样把转速拉高点升三挡。这样可以让你熟悉每个档位的动力性,对掌握换挡时机有好处。
首先需要熟悉挡位;其次观察路况,安全时换挡;再次需要换挡时要注意速度,加档时速度不要太慢,减档时不宜过快。
首先应该熟悉1档为15公里时速,2档为25公里时速,3档为35公里时速,4档为55公里时速,5档为65公里时速及以上,在相应的速度上轻踩离合依次更换高档位。
大家可以观察转速,当转速没上1 格的时候,都是换挡的时机,加速就增档,降速就减档,以此类推,就可以找到其中的感觉了
对于很多新手来说,开手动挡出门经常会遇到各种问题,不如自动挡来得轻松。那么新手开车换挡怎样正确掌握换挡时机,需要注意哪些问题呢?
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