推荐回答(1个)
夷陵长江大桥
毗邻磨基山、横卧长江的是夷陵长江大桥,总投资6.1亿元,于1998年11月28日动工。全长3246米,主桥长936米,桥面宽23米,是长江上唯一的一座三塔倒Y型单索面混凝土加劲梁斜拉桥,其跨度在同类桥梁中为世界之最。大桥在建设中先后运用了20项新技术、新材料、新工艺。大桥于2001年底建成通车。至此,宜昌市已拥有枝江铁路大桥、宜昌长江公路大桥、夷陵长江大桥、西陵长江大桥4座长江大桥,驾起了宜昌经济腾飞的桥梁。
一、工程概况
夷陵长江大桥位子湖北省宜昌市,是联系宜昌市南、北两岸跨越长江的城市桥梁。桥位距葛洲坝水利枢纽大坝下游约7.6km,桥址区江面宽约800m,最大水深约23m。建设结合桥址区航道具体情况,大胆创新,首次提出单索面三塔斜拉桥方案,其2 x 348m的主跨为国内第一,在同类型桥梁中亦属世界首位。在设计和施工中,积极采用了“新技术,新材料、新工艺、新设备”,在建桥技术上实现了许多新突破。
大桥工程全长3.246km,设计荷载:汽车-超20级,主桥是国内第一座单索面预应力混凝土三塔斜拉桥,跨度(m)布置为38+38.5+43.5+2x348+43.5+38.5+38八跨连续,主桥长936m,总投资6.136亿元。主桥桥面宽23.0m,设四条机动车道,车道外侧各设2.0m宽人行道,桥面中间索区宽3.5m。
中塔基础采用16根直径2m的钻孔柱桩,每桩长42.0m,承台尺寸16m × 16m,边塔基础采用11根直径2.0m的钻孔柱桩,桩长北边塔为44.0m,南边塔为34.0m,承台平面尺寸14m× 16m,三座混凝土主塔造型一致,只是在细部尺寸上不同。塔身上段采用的倒置的Y形构造,三塔高度不等,边塔高度相同,边塔及中塔纵向尺寸分别为5.5m和7m。
斜拉索置于桥面中央,断面上每个编号的斜拉索均由2根组成,间距1.2m,梁上索距主跨8m,边跨5.5m,塔上索距约1.6m。每个边塔都布置了18对斜拉索,中塔上布置了32对斜拉索,全桥共236根斜拉索。斜拉索采用平行钢绞线拉索体系,全封闭新构造,无粘结锚具。单根钢绞线直径为15.24mm,镀锌钢绞线外包PE护层,内注油性蜡。钢绞线强度=1770MPa,容许应力[σ]=0.45。斜拉索共重1225t。
主梁采用单箱三室截面,三向预应力混凝土结构,梁高3.0m,顶板宽23.0m,底板宽5.0m,两侧悬臂板悬臂长度3.5m。主梁边跨与边塔处0号块共长131m,均采用膺架现浇施工。中塔处0号块现浇长度22m。两主跨主梁采用预制悬拼施工,主梁预制悬拼梁段间隔40m左右设一道0.5m宽湿接缝,其余均为干接缝。除合龙段外,主跨共设7个宽湿接缝。梁体预制块标准长度分别为4.0m。标准节段重160t。
主桥钢材用量约5673t,斜拉索钢绞线共重1225t,混凝土约43898立方米。
二、新技术应用与科技创新
1.适时性地提出了三塔单索面斜拉桥方案。以两个大跨覆盖整个航行水域,该方案通航条件好,建安费为1.65亿元,经济效益显著。
2.边跨采用多孔连续结构以提高三塔体系斜拉桥的刚度。解决三塔体系刚度的技术难度较二塔方案低,结构体系合理,方案可行、经济。
3.钻石型桥塔结构。桥塔受力合理,有较强的抗撞击能力,而且施工简便,造型新颖,实现了受力、美观,经济的和谐统一。
4.主梁悬拼采用一整套成熟的计算程序及监控技术使得斜拉桥在未采取任何强制措施条件下,顺利地实现了双主跨同时高精度合龙。
5.斜拉桥合龙束兼用体内束及体外束,经详细研究体外束受力行为,提出了体外束分段锚固设计构思及一整套锚固细节设计,开拓了桥梁设计新思路。
6.创造了预应力混凝土箱梁节段预制拼装最长的世界纪录。主梁采用节段预制拼装法施工,取得了质量易于保证,施工速度快,工期短、投资省的效果。其348m的拼装跨度为世界之最,最大双伸臂桥梁全长383m亦无先例。
7.采用具有较多技术优势的全封闭式新型铜绞线斜拉索体系。该体系具有索力建立精度高,施工方便,不需配备大型起重设备,防腐性能优越,易于更换的特点。
8.自行研制了先进的轻型多功能步履式液压控制悬臂架梁吊机,自重34t,前移经过索区方便,无级变速,起吊冲击力小,吊起的梁块可以前后移动50cm,在6个自由度方向对位调整方便。
9.自制一套专用工具,完善了主梁体内长钢绞线整束穿束新工艺。
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