be covered by/with的区别:
这两个短语的主要区别在于be covered with 中covered 有形容词的感觉,是一种状态。而be covered by 更有一种动作的感觉。
在某些句子中他们的意思相近,比如可以说:
The field is covered with snow.
The field is covered by snow.
以上两句话都可以表示“大地被白雪覆盖”,但这里native speakers会更倾向选择前者,尽管后者在语法上也是正确的。不选择后者---be covered by是因为这个短语更强调cover这个动作,也就是说更强调了snow去cover 大地这个动作。而我们日常说话中不会特意去强调雪做出的动作。所以在这个语境中be covered with是更好的选择。(说明大地被雪覆盖的状态)
be covered by 其实是一种被动语态(passive voice),在强调动作的发出者(by后面的人或物)时可以使用,比如:
That's covered by insurance policy.(The insurance policy convers that.)
The quilt was covered by my mother .(My mother covered this quilt.)
be covered by ... : 由...承担/负担/支付;被...掩护/报道/监视/控制等等,表示抽象的概念, 后面接人, 机构, 或者组织.
These expenses are covered by the state.
这些费用都由国家负担。
All road out of town has been covered by the police .
所有出城的道路都被警察监视。
2) be covered with ... : 被...覆盖,表示具体的覆盖.如被雪/草地/布/被子/盖子/罩子等东西盖住.