唐太宗把陵墓的位置定在九嵕山的原因是什么?

2025-03-12 14:47:49
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

在广袤千里的关中平原北部,有一道横亘东西的山脉,山峦起伏,冈峰横截,与关中平原南部的秦岭山脉遥相对峙。这道山脉在礼泉突兀而起有一座山峰,海拔高达约1.2千米,它的周围均匀地分布着九道山梁,把它高高拱举。因为古代把小的山梁称为嵕,所以它得名九嵕山。唐太宗带兵打仗和狩猎时,曾经多次经过九嵕山一带,常常赞美九嵕山的挺拔奇绝和美丽风光。后来,他把陵墓的位置定在了九嵕山。皇家陵园要建在这九嵕山峰之上,其中的原因,据说是因为长孙皇后。似乎首先提出“因山而葬”的是长孙皇后,唐太宗是为了遵照皇后的遗言,才为她选择了九嵕山作为陵墓,然后也决定把这里作为自己的陵墓。636年,唐太宗的长孙皇后病危。临终之时对唐太宗叮嘱后事说:今死,不可厚费。且葬者,藏也,欲人之不见。自古圣贤皆崇俭薄,唯无道之世,大起山陵,劳费天下,为有识者笑。但请因山而葬,不须起坟,无用棺椁,所须器服,皆以木瓦,俭薄送终,则是不忘妾也。

其实,可能早在长孙皇后去世之前,唐太宗就已选定了九嵕山作为自己与皇后的陵墓,只不过是皇后先崩,提前说出了她与唐太宗商量后的归宿之地而已。

唐太宗要选择九嵕山作为他和皇后的陵墓的原因,如果按照唐太宗的说法,是为了节俭和防盗。除此之外,九嵕山的地理环境也完全符合唐代风水师们所重视的风水条件。我国古代的陵墓堪舆风水之说,伴着姓氏的不断扩大及五行阴阳之说的流传而逐渐完善,早在南北朝时期,就已经有百余部关于陵墓风水的著作问世了。唐朝之前的风水师们虽然对风水学说各持己见,却都一致认为陵墓风水的好坏可以决定后世子孙的祸福,并基本形成了一套评定风水好坏的理论。唐太宗承认了风水之说的文化地位,也同意了风水学所认定的帝王陵墓风水的最佳条件。一是,陵墓要建在地势高的地方,这样既可显示出帝王至高无上的地位,又能防止水浸泡陵墓;二是陵墓背面要有山,山后面也必须要有水环绕。背靠大山是后代江山稳妥牢靠的意思,山后有水则寓意着世代富贵取之不竭;三是陵墓前面和两侧要有较低的山势,为陵墓起烘托作用。最前面的地形要一马平川,豁亮开阔,寓意天下太平;四是陵墓最前面也要有水经过,作为陵墓的前边界,与陵后的水遥相呼应。而这些条件,九嵕山恰恰全部满足了。它地处渭北平原,山底海拔570米左右,山后有群山拱卫,也有滔滔的泾水;山前左右有众山罗列,再往前便是沃野千里的关中平原,而浩荡的渭水又东西横穿关中平原,还从古长安城下穿过,形成了“渭水贯都”的奇妙景观。由于九嵕山绝佳的风水位置和挺拔奇绝的美丽风光,李世民决定在九嵕山之上建立自己的陵墓,并将陵墓取名为昭陵。

唐太宗李世民称帝时,找来风水术士李淳风和袁天罡,让他们分头出行,为自己百年之后选择一处安身之处。二人领旨之后,相约南北分路而行。李淳风往北走,到了陕西礼泉,发现九堫山直插云天,尽显王者霸气。于是,李淳风在一道山梁的中间找准了一处穴位,并埋下一枚铜钱以作标志,然后就离开了。而袁天罡往南走,也到了礼泉。他也认为九堫山是风水宝地,就把一根银针插在了他认为满意的地方。二人回到京城后,一起到宫中回禀。唐太宗李世民听到二人都选在九嵕山,深感惊讶,就和他们一起去查验,结果发现,袁天罡的银针正好从李淳风埋设的铜钱孔眼中插入。李世民十分惊奇,因此将九堫山定为了陵墓的所在地。

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