急急急，在线等关于公允价值的外文和翻译

[What is the fair value?]

Also called fair market value, fair price. Familiar with the situation of buyers and sellers in fair trading conditions are determined, and the price of the parties or association in fair trade under the conditions of an asset can be buying and selling price. In the fair value measurement, the assets and liabilities in the fair transaction, according to the circumstance with asset exchange between parties or the amount of liabilities. The business enterprise to purchase merge to record the fair value of the information. In practice, usually by the asset appraisal institutions and enterprises to evaluate the net.

[Is the fair value of the assets and enterprises]

1, marketable securities in the net realizable value determined (see "net realizable value"),
2 and the accounts receivable and notes receivable according to the amount of future is in charge of the actual interest rate, at a discount, minus the value of the estimated cost of collection and determine the loss of bad,
3, finished product and merchandise inventory, according to an estimated price minus the liquidation expenses and reasonable profit the balance after the determination,
In April, according to estimates of the product, the stock price minus the completed products should happen to completion of cost, fashion and liquidation expenses reasonably determine the balance after the profits,
5, raw materials according to the current replacement cost determination,
6, fixed assets within different situation to still continue to use with: the fixed assets, according to its production capacity of fixed assets, unless the replacement cost pricing is expected to use these assets in the future to buy enterprise produce low value, For to sell, or holding a period of time (but not used) after the sale of fixed assets, according to net realizable value pricing, For temporary use for a period of time and then sells fixed assets, the depreciation in the future life after confirmation, according to the net realizable value pricing,
7, patent, trademark, lease, land use right by such identifiable intangible assets evaluation value of goodwill, according to the valuation of enterprise's investment cost and purchase confirmation that the fair value of the difference between,
8 and other assets, such as natural resources, the listing for trading of the long-term investments by evaluation value,
9, accounts payable and notes payable, long-term loans, etc, according to need to pay the debt at a discount rate amount by amount of income,
10 and contingencies and agreed obligation, if the lease agreement adverse caused the enterprise to pay, contract and is bound of fixed assets liquidation cost etc., all should be fully estimates, and are expected to pay the amount of the actual interest rate with the present value of the discount.

If an identifiable assets and liabilities of the enterprise, and are determined to its fair value, such as the enterprise research and development costs, action plan, a formula cost, etc.

[Confirm the fair value of the assets and enterprises]

1, as was the kiss and enterprise in price, determine the effectiveness of both transaction price basis,
2, the net book value of the fair value of the assets and the difference between the net and the enterprise is by the appreciation or devaluation part, Buy enterprise investment costs and net and enterprise by the difference between the fair value for goodwill or negative goodwill (see "goodwill and negative goodwill"), Under the equity method for in the difference in assets to benefit shall be amortized during the fair value, is one of the important basis of goodwill value (see "rights"). Although in combination with rights under the book value of the fair value of the credit, but still have special significance to its fair value, namely the net as a fixed exchange still with the number of shares, according to make more reasonable.

[The new accounting standards of the fair and equitable value measurement model and its influence]

1, the fair value measurement of the investment real estate and its influence to the accounting standards for enterprises no. 3 - in the specification of the investment real estate investment real estate, refers to be measured and sell, the enterprise for generating rent or capital appreciation and the real estate holdings, including the leased building, rent or hold and prepare the transfer of land-use right after the value. The criterion for the investment real estate company provides cost model and the fair value pattern, two alternative measurement model. The cost of the investment real estate, mutatis mutandis under the mode of fixed assets and intangible assets depreciation or amortization criterion, and in the final for impairment test, the corresponding impairment provision, In any well-established evidence shows that its fair value can be obtained in a continuous and reliable, enterprises can use the fair and equitable value measurement model. The fair value measurement of the investment real estate depreciation, amortization impairment or land value directly reflects the changes in the fair value, and through the "profits" changes in the fair value of enterprise profit, but no longer affect provision alone. At present, the impact of rising property prices in the background, the leased building or have to hold the appreciation of the land use right of commercial real estate, by the good enterprise. However, the real estate development enterprises have to sell a house buildings, is the enterprise accounting, its valuation inventory cost mode, basic still use was not affected by the fair value of appreciation. This kind of enterprises to apply if the fair and equitable value measurement model, will hold the house for rent, building to sell in the first year, the rule of the fair value of the book costs more than the initial adjustment only and not the interests of the shareholders, the profit. Therefore, in 2007 for real estate industry of new accounting standards and the changes of large performance is not rise of theoretical basis. Of course, if the 2007, real estate market after ten-year or remained big bull market, because of new accounting standards for this industry has brought the good will gradually reveal.
2 and financial instruments and the fair value measurement according to the accounting standards for enterprises no. 22 - recognition and measurement of financial instruments in the fair value measurement instruments mainly include trading financial assets and financial liabilities, such as the enterprise to make full use of idle capital, to make for the purpose of buying from a secondary market shares, bonds, funds, Be like again, not as effective hedging instrument enterprise of derivatives, such as long-term contracts, futures contract, exchange and options, etc. In addition, the enterprise can be based on risk management needs or for the elimination of financial assets or financial liabilities in accounting recognition and measurement are inconsistent, direct assigned certain financial assets or financial liabilities to the fair value measurement. These are listed as the fair value measurement instruments, its value is to report the market value, and its change directly included in the current profits and losses. This also means that, if the enterprise can grasp the market and the trend of performance, which varies with the changes in the fair value "increased profits", Conversely, if the enterprise's investment strategy and market, the current conflicted profits will suffer damage. Therefore, the fair value measurement attribute can be considered a "double-edged sword", and "old standards suffer not only good news", thus make financial instruments often underestimated the value of report of gething lower is quite different.
3 and other business fair value measurement and its influence on the incomplete statistics, in the new system of accounting standards, currently has promulgated the 38 specific standards at least 17 different degree of the fair value measurement attribute, the influence of enterprises in the above analysis of matters, and two exchange of non-monetary assets, recombination of liabilities and the merger of enterprises under the common control such transactions or events. The new accounting standards of these transactions or events at the fair value measurement model, is mainly focuses on the principle of form of nature. For example, between enterprise is commercial in nature, the exchange of non-monetary assets by the fair value measurement for a change of assets, and the enterprise is essentially confirmed the non-monetary assets purchased "sell" and "sell", "the fair price and the price difference for carrying the enterprise earnings. And in the same business accounting according to the old book cost under only, can't be fair value and the book value of the difference between profit for the company confirmed, Similarly, if the enterprise in debt restructuring of the debts to the fair value of the non-monetary assets than its carrying value of the part with higher saving, can increase the current debt profits, In the common under the control of the merger of enterprises, the pay of assets and liabilities incurred or assumed by its book value of the fair value of the balance, reflected in the profits and losses of the current period of enterprises. These transactions in matters of the fair and equitable value measurement model, overcome by using the cost for the pattern of valuation of enterprise assets value and the defects, which can be underestimated more reflect the enterprise value of the assets and business performance.

译文：

什么是公允价值？

亦称公允市价、公允价格。熟悉情况的买卖双方在公平交易的条件下所确定的价格，或无关联的双方在公平交易的条件下一项资产可以被买卖的成交价格。在公允价值计量下，资产和负债按照在公平交易中，熟悉情况的交易双方自愿进行资产交换或者债务清偿的金额计量。购买企业对合并业务的记录需要运用公允价值的信息。在实务中，通常由资产评估机构对被并企业的净资产进行评估。

被并企业净资产公允价值的确定

1、有价证券按当时的可变现净值确定（见“可变现净值”）；
2、应收账款及应收票据按将来可望收取的数额，以当时的实际利率折现的价值，减去估计的坏账损失及催收成本确定；
3、完工产品和商品存货，按估计售价减去变现费用和合理的利润后的余额确定；
4、在产品存货，按估计的完工后产品售价减去至完工时尚需发生的成本、变现费用以及合理的利润后的余额确定；
5、原材料按现行重置成本确定；
6、固定资产应分不同情况进行处理：对尚可继续使用的固定资产，按同类生产能力的固定资产的现行重置成本计价，除非预计将来使用这些资产会对购买企业产生较低的价值；对于将要出售，或持有一段时间（但未使用）后再出售的固定资产，可按可变现净值计价；对于暂使用一段时间、然后出售的固定资产，在确认将来使用期的折旧后，按可变现净值计价；
7、对专利权、商标权、租赁权、土地使用权等可辨认无形资产按评估价值计价，商誉按购买企业的投资成本与所确认的公允价值之间的差额确定；
8、其他资产，如自然资源、不能上市交易的长期投资按评估价值确定；
9、应付账款、应付票据、长期借款等负债，按未来需支付数额采用当时利率折现所得的金额确定；
10、或有事项和约定义务，如不利的租赁协议所引起的付款、合同对企业的约束以及行将发生的固定资产清理费用等，都应加以充分的估计，并按预计支付的数额以当时的实际利率折现的现值计价。
只要某项可辨认资产和负债是被并企业的，都需对其确定公允价值，如企业的研究开发成本、行动计划成本、开发某配方成本等等。

确定被并企业净资产公允价值的意义

1、作为被并企业的亲驻的底价，形成确定产权交易双方成效价的基础；
2、净资产公允价值与净资产账面价值之间的差额即为被并企业净资产的升值或贬值部分；购买企业投资成本与被并企业净资产公允价值之间的差额为商誉或负商誉（见“商誉和负商誉”）；在完全权益法下对上述差额必须在资产受益期内予以摊销，故公允价值是确定商誉价值的重要依据之一（见“权益法”）。虽然在权益结合法下按账面价值入账，但公允价值对其仍有特殊意义，即公允价值仍然作为确定换取净资产应付的股份数的依据，以使交易更加合理。

新会计准则的公允价值计量模式及其影响

1、投资性房地产的公允价值计量及其影响《企业会计准则第3号--投资性房地产》中规范的投资性房地产，是指能够单独计量和出售的，企业为赚取租金或资本增值而持有的房地产，包括已出租的建筑物、已出租或持有并准备增值后转让的土地使用权等。该准则为企业的投资性房地产提供了成本模式与公允价值模式两种可选择的计量模式。在成本模式下，投资性房地产比照固定资产和无形资产准则计提折旧或摊销，并在期末进行减值测试，计提相应的减值准备；在有确凿证据表明其公允价值能够持续可靠取得的，企业可以采用公允价值计量模式。采用公允价值计量的投资性房地产的折旧、减值或土地使用权摊销价值直接反映在公允价值变动中，并通过"公允价值变动损益"对企业利润产生影响，而不再单独计提。受此影响，在目前房地产价格处于持续上涨的背景下，拥有用于出租的建筑物或持有待升值的土地使用权的商业、房地产类企业，会受到利好的影响。但是，房地产开发企业所拥有的待出售房屋建筑物，是作为企业的存货核算的，其计价基础仍采用成本模式，并不受公允价值升值的影响。该类企业即使为了适用公允价值计量模式，而将其持有的房屋建筑物改售为租，在准则实施的第一年，其公允价值超过账面成本的部分也只能调整期初的股东权益，而不会影响当年的利润。所以，预计2007年房地产行业会因新会计准则的变化而出现大面积业绩上升的说法，是没有理论依据的。当然，如果2007年期间或之后，房地产行情仍保持大牛市的话，因新会计准则给该行业带来的利好还会逐渐显露出来。
2、金融工具的公允价值计量及其影响根据《企业会计准则第22号--金融工具确认和计量》规定，以公允价值计量的金融工具主要包括交易性金融资产和金融负债，例如企业为充分利用闲置资金、以赚取差价为目的从二级市场购入的股票、债券、基金等；再如，企业不作为有效套期工具的衍生工具，如远期合同、期货合同、互换和期权等。此外，企业可以基于风险管理需要或为消除金融资产或金融负债在会计确认和计量方面存在不一致情况等，直接指定某些金融资产或金融负债以公允价值计量。这些被列为公允价值计量的金融工具，其报告价值即为市场价值，且其变动直接计入当期损益。这也意味着，如果企业能够较好地把握市场行情和动向，其业绩即会随"公允价值变动损益"增加而提升；相反，如果企业的投资策略与市场行情相左，其当期利润就会因此受损。所以，公允价值计量属性可以被认为是一把"双刃剑"，与老准则采用"只报忧不报喜"，从而使金融工具报告价值经常被低估的孰低法有很大不同。
3、其他业务的公允价值计量及其影响据不完全统计，在新会计准则体系中，目前已颁布的38个具体准则中至少有17个不同程度地运用了公允价值计量属性，对企业影响较大的事项除前文分析过的两项外，还有非货币性资产交换、债务重组和非共同控制下的企业合并等交易或事项。新会计准则之所以对这些交易或事项采用公允价值计量模式，主要是出于实质重于形式的原则。例如，对于企业间具有商业实质的非货币性资产交换，采用公允价值计量换出和换入的资产，实质上是确认企业非货币性资产的"售出"与"购入"，"售出"资产的公允价与账面价之差即为企业实现的收益。而同类业务在老会计准则下只能按账面成本计价，不能将公允价值与账面价值之间的差异确认为企业损益；类似地，如果企业在债务重组中用以清偿债务的非货币资产的公允价值高于其账面价值，则高出的部分连同获得的债务豁免，可以增加当期利润；在非共同控制下的企业合并中，购买方付出的资产、发生或承担的负债的公允价值与其账面价值的差额，体现在企业当期损益中。这些交易事项中对公允价值计量模式的采用，克服了因采用成本计价模式而对企业资产价值的低估的缺陷，从而可以更真实地反映企业的资产价值及经营业绩。

（http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fairvalue.asp）

我今年也毕业~论题也是公允价值方面的
外文我有10000字符英文的不过我还在翻译中。。。我们要求翻译为2500中文的！我的还有封面，绝对符合要求的说嘿嘿！等后天左右我翻好发你啊
你留个邮箱给我~还有你也不要太在意，其实老师通常是不看滴！！！