linux下如何挂载硬盘？

1.插入新硬盘，启动Linux服务器，使用fdisk -l 查看硬盘

#fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes

2.格式化硬盘

#mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb

3.挂载硬盘

#mount 硬盘地址 要挂载的地址

#mount /dev/sdb /media/imgs

4.实现系统重启后自动挂载该分区

#vi /etc/fstab

在最后一行添加

/dev/sdb /media/imgs ext4 defaults 1 2

一、添加磁盘

添加加新硬盘重启服务器

添加完之后就可以重启机器了，如果你机器是开启的，进入系统并不能看见你刚添加的那块磁盘，只有等系统重启，重新加载之后才会显示安装的那块磁盘

二、进入系统

使用root用户进入系统

三、 查看硬盘信息

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l   //磁盘命令

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Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000c4cb5

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xd0f5c869

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

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可以看到这台机器加载了三个磁盘sda、sdb、sdc 

其中sda是初始磁盘，sdb已经初始化且经过使用，sdc是刚刚加载的，未格式化的新磁盘

四、创建新硬盘分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc #进入磁盘

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x45a3cadb.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a   toggle a bootable flag      #设定可启动标记

b   edit bsd disklabel

c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

d   delete a partition          #删除一个分区

l   list known partition types  #各分区类型所对应的ID

m   print this menu             #菜单

n   add a new partition         #添加一个分区

o   create a new empty DOS partition table

p   print the partition table   #显示该磁盘下的当前分区信息

q   quit without saving changes #不保存退出

s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

t   change a partition's system id

u   change display/entry units

v   verify the partition table

w   write table to disk and exit #保存退出

x   extra functionality (experts only)

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知道命令之后就可以进行分区了

Command (m for help): p //打印分区信息,可以看到当前并没有分区

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n //创建一个新的分区

Command action

e   extended//输入e为创建扩展分区  

p   primary partition (1-4) //输入p为创建逻辑分区  

p

Partition number (1-4): 1//划分逻辑分区

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): //我这里直接回车,是不想把该磁盘分成多个分区,把整个磁盘作为1个分区

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): 

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p //再次查看可以看到该磁盘已经有1个分区了

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x45a3cadb

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w //保存分区

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

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再次使用”fdisk -l”命令查看磁盘信息

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x406a4c58

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

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第三块磁盘/dev/sdc已经分区好了

五、格式化分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1

//将/dev/sdc1格式化为ext3类型,好像大部分的磁盘都是格式化为ext3类型,具体为什么没有深入研究,暂时不清楚,想了解的朋友可以自己查一下

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[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

文件系统标签=

操作系统:Linux

块大小=4096 (log=2)

分块大小=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

第一个数据块=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 

4096000

正在写入inode表: 完成                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

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格式化完毕，此时就可以使用“mount”命令挂载分区了，然后使用这个磁盘空间了

六、挂载分区以及开机自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# df -h //此时只有sda1和sdb1两个磁盘挂载

Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /

tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot

/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone

/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

[root@localhost /]# cd /disk/

[root@localhost disk]# ll

总用量 4

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone

[root@localhost disk]# cd diskone/

[root@localhost diskone]# ll

总用量 20

drwx------. 2 root root 16384 7月  28 16:12 lost+found

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 7月  28 17:09 software

[root@localhost diskone]# cd ../

[root@localhost disk]# mkdir disktwo //创建被挂载的路径

[root@localhost disk]# ll

总用量 8

drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 7月  28 17:04 diskone

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 8月   1 16:48 disktwo

[root@localhost disk]# mount /dev/sdc1 /disk/disktwo/ //进行挂载

[root@localhost disk]# df -h //再次查看,发现sdc1已经挂载在/disk/disktwo路径下

Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root   18G   15G  1.5G  92% /

tmpfs                         932M   76K  932M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1                     485M   40M  421M   9% /boot

/dev/sdb1                      20G  1.2G   18G   7% /disk/diskone

/dev/sr0                      4.2G  4.2G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.5_Final

/dev/sdc1                      20G  173M   19G   1% /disk/disktwo

只要6步！Linux系统下挂载硬盘不再困扰你！