项羽为什么自己不当皇帝,还把各路诸侯封王呢?

2025-03-01 22:08:52
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

原因有两个。项羽一直是以仁义著称,所以他会把得到的胜利果实平分给大家。另外一个原因是项羽是军人出身,没有治国之能,权力下分是最好的选择。

回答2:

这也是项羽人性的一面,他恨清朝灭掉了他的国家,于是否定了秦朝的一切,也包括郡县制,于是一直主张恢复到战国时期,主导了分封。

回答3:

因为项羽的思想幼稚,认为这个整个天下不应该是一个人天下,是天下人的天下。

回答4:

其实这是我们的一个错觉,那就是项羽击败秦军后,天下并不是项羽的,而是六国共同抗秦的结果,而刘邦击败项羽以后也面临同样的问题,所以刘邦也分封了异姓王,只是后来刘邦把这些异姓王都成功地剪除了,才有了大汉四百年的江山。
项羽面临的也是同样的问题,项羽在击败章邯以后,攻入函谷关,虽然立的功劳最大,但是项羽只是楚国的将军,而楚国的王是楚怀王熊心,熊心也耍了个心眼,与众诸侯约定,先入关中者王之,但是却派实力强大的项羽去救赵,当时抗秦的势力中,除了燕国不是燕王的后代,其他五国都是原来战国时期的后代,本来大家的想法是,谁先攻入关中,谁就成为秦地的王,这样战国七雄再次恢复,六国诸侯算盘打的很好,但是项羽不干。
如果结局真的是这样,那么刘邦就成了新的王,而项羽只能作为楚国的将领,翻盘的机会就小很多,人们还是习惯原来的格局。
所以项羽在和范增商议后,决定打破原来的格局,重新建立新的秩序,以便徐徐图之,于是遥尊楚怀王熊心为义帝,也就是名义上的皇帝,自己进行了分封。
项羽分封十八路诸侯,即以刘邦为汉王,王巴、蜀、汉中,都南郑;章邯为雍王,都废丘;司马欣为塞王,都栎阳;董翳为翟王,都高奴;魏豹为西魏王,都平阳;申阳为河南王,都洛阳;韩成为韩王,都阳翟;司马卬为殷王,都朝歌;赵歇为代王,都代;张耳为常山王,都襄国;英布为九江王,都六;吴芮为衡山王,都邾;共敖为临江王,都江陵;韩广为辽东王,都无终;臧荼为燕王,都蓟;田巿为胶东王,都即墨;田都为齐王,都临淄;田安为济北王,都博阳(今山东泰安东南)。
把秦地分成了三份,有了三秦,把齐地也分成了三份,有了三齐,把汉王封在了巴蜀,由三秦来钳制,吴芮、英布等跟项羽关系还不错的拱卫在他的边上。这样项羽可以慢慢夺取天下,也可以让这些将领尝一下权力的滋味,相信不会有人放手了。
楚国这个地方看起来不错,但是却是个四战之地,除了东边是靠海的,其他的三个方向都有可能受到攻击,而项羽在分封的时候选错了人,三齐很快被田荣统一,田荣对于项羽不肯封他怀恨在心,项羽与齐国必然有一站,而章邯仿佛失去了在秦朝时候的实力,在面对刘邦时一溃千里,项羽在对齐作战,无暇西顾,刘邦有了稳定的大后方。开始发展自己的实力,还定三秦,接下来刘邦只要东进即可,加上刘邦的阴险狡诈,出尔反尔,而项羽又没有进行远交近攻,最后霸王失败,落寞退场。
项羽的分封策略,是基于当时的政治形势而采取的唯一合适的策略。这种“郡国并行“的体制,后来为汉朝所继承、发展,只是项羽的自负、人才的缺失,没有外交策略,导致其虽然军事实力很强,但是却无法统一天下,却为刘邦做了嫁衣裳。

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