明朝亡在崇祯期间,史学家认为“大明之亡,实始于万历”,这是什么原因呢?

2025-02-24 11:18:54
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

关于导致明朝灭亡的原因,众说纷纭,难有定论,但大致可以总结为这五点。一是党派之争,大臣内斗。崇祯即位后,阉党势力相当庞大,他们祸乱朝纲,残害百姓,导致人人愤恨,国家江河日下,他以果敢的手段迅速除掉了阉党集团。但阉党一除掉,崇祯却发现,原先和阉党抗衡的东林党人却一家独大了起来,同时东林党人为了自身利益,又不断打压其他党派,这使朝廷文官集团再次陷入内斗之中,崇祯在大臣的内斗中精疲力尽,导致朝廷办事效率低下,难以做出决策。

二是武将内斗、背叛和被杀。崇祯时期,文臣之间不和,文臣武将之间不和,武将内部也是矛盾重重,这影响了大明军队的战斗力。大明军队中的得力干将毛文龙就被袁崇焕擅自杀害。同时,也因遭人告密和诬陷,袁崇焕又被崇祯处死,这使崇祯自断一臂。之后洪承畴等人的变节,更使崇祯雪上加霜,陷入了困境。

三是天灾人祸,战乱四起。由于阉党和官吏的剥削,以及连年的战争,让大明百姓身负重担,苦不堪言,再加上崇祯时期,自然灾害频发,百姓更是处于水深火热之中,难以为继,在这种情况下,各地纷纷是揭竿而起,反抗大明,让大明陷入了内忧外困之中,加速了大明的灭亡。

四是久病成疾,千孔百疮。崇祯的哥哥明熹宗,或许是一个好木匠,但却是一个失败的皇帝,他热衷于木匠活,无心国事,将政务交给了宦官魏忠贤,导致朝政日渐黑暗,国家不断衰落。崇祯继位后,虽然认识到了宦官专权的危害,并迅速除掉了魏忠贤,但明熹宗留给他的这个千孔百疮烂摊子,他再励精图治,也难以拯救。

五是后金崛起,外有强敌。大明衰落之际,北方的女真族却迅速崛起,努尔哈赤统一了女真族,并建立了后金。后金崛起威胁到了大明的安全,而且后金的统治者并不满足做女真族的皇帝,而是要做中原王朝的皇帝,这让他们一直在对大明用兵,准备灭掉大明取而代之,这也是导致大明灭亡的一个重要因素。

回答2:

这句话很明显,是说在万历的时候,政治已经腐败,政权还在斗争,已无能无力存亡,唯有毁灭。

回答3:

三是天灾人祸,战乱四起。由于阉党和官吏的剥削,以及连年的战争,让大明百姓身负重担,苦不堪言。

回答4:

当张居正于万历十年逝世后五年,万历帝开始酗酒不理国政(一说是开始抽鸦片烟),而李太后年纪渐大,对万历也实在无力再管束,导致万历竟三十年不上朝

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