平焊单面焊双面成型应该怎样

2025-03-25 07:28:18
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

给我来点分啊!单面焊接双面成型最难的就是平焊打底(也就是你说的焊透),此方法一般是考证用,其他时候都不用.
1:从右往左焊,调成正接(就是正及和负及哪个).电流具体多大根据机器不一样也不一样.用3.2焊条.焊接速度一定要快,脑袋看着要焊的最底部,只要是融上了就赶快走.
2:接头 把接头弄成一定坡度(有人用砂轮有人有铁铲子) 按照上面的方法继续就OK 43222029QQ

回答2:

单面焊双面成形操作技术是采用普通焊条,以特殊的操作方法,在坡口的正面,焊后保证坡口正反两面都能得到的一种操作方法。是一项在压力管道和锅炉压力容器焊接中,焊工必须掌握的操作技术,其方法主要有断弧焊法和连弧焊法。
操作技术:
(1)引弧应在焊缝中,要做到一“引”便“着”,一“落”便“准”。由于电缆及焊钳对手腕存在一个重力矩,焊工手持焊钳不易稳定,因此引弧时焊工要蹲稳,手臂要用力持钳,手腕微微用力做点划动作。另外,焊工心情要放松,紧张则僵硬,僵硬则动作机械而抖动大,极易产生“粘住”和“拉熄”现象。练习时,从摩擦法开始,逐渐缩短摩擦距离及焊条头与工作面的距离。轻落轻起,克服惯性,快慢适中,使焊钳运动轨迹逐渐达到近似垂直的效果。

(2)要懂得焊条在空间三个方面均有运动,向熔池方向递进要与熔化速度相一致,以保持弧长不变。快了弧长缩短,甚至“粘住”;慢了弧长拉长,增加飞溅,降低保护作用,影响熔滴过渡。横向运动的目的在于搅拌熔池,以增加熔宽,应中间快两端慢。它与向前运动紧密相联,变化很多,应视熔池的形状及熔敷金属量来决定。只有三个方向上的运动有机的结合,才能确保焊缝的一定高度和宽度,确保高质量的焊缝质量。

(3)分清熔渣和铁液,是提高操作技能的一个关键。一般铁液超前,熔渣滞后,电弧下的铁液温度高,油光发亮处于下层。而熔渣温度低,较暗,在铁液上游动。分不清熔渣和铁液,就不能看清焊缝边缘及熔合情况,焊接盲目性很大。

(4)更换焊条要快,接头应准,因为它的好坏将直接影响焊缝的质量。快,即在前道焊缝收尾处尚处于红热状态,立即引弧,这样前后焊缝易于熔合,能有效地避免气孔和夹渣等缺陷。准,即接头恰到好处,回行距离在10~20mm,在弧坑上运行的时间稍快(也就是说熔敷金属的量较少)。回行距离过长,不易摸准位置,反而容易重叠和脱离,运弧时间掌握不好,接头就会偏高或偏低。另外,收弧时弧坑应力求圆形避免尖形,且焊肉适中,不能太深或太浅,这样才便于接头。

(5)准确的调节电流,尤其是立、横、仰位置焊接,对于获得良好的焊接内在质量和美观的焊缝成形是至关重要的。调电流要一听、二看、三比较,即听电弧声音,看电弧燃烧状况,比较熔池形状及焊缝成形情况。

(6)要克服重力对焊缝成形的不利影响。焊接时,熔融的铁液和熔渣始终受重力作用,且这个作用总是垂直向下的,但不一定都是通过焊缝中心的。为此,焊工要通过采用调整焊条的角度,改变熔池的形状及电弧在熔池上部压低和稍作停留等方法来克服重力的不利影响。

(7)焊工应掌握多种运条方法。运条是焊工技术的具体表现,焊缝质量好坏和外形的优劣主要由运条方法来决定,焊工应懂得各种运条方法的特点与区别,多掌握几种,才能得心应手,运用自如。

(8)要有热量的概念,要善于观察温度变化,做到有效地控制熔池的形状及其相对位置。温度对焊接的影响很大,温度低,熔池小、铁液暗,流动性差,且易产生夹渣和虚焊;温度高,则熔池大、铁液亮,流动性好,易于熔合;但过高易下淌,成形难控制,且接头塑性下降。温度与电流大小及运条方式(如圆圈形的运条温度高于月牙形,月牙形运条温度又高于锯齿形运条)、电焊条夹角大小及停留电弧时间长短等均有密切关系。

(9)收弧要求焊缝饱满,无裂纹、气孔及夹渣等缺陷。弧坑深,焊肉薄,应力集中,极易产生裂纹。采用反复断弧“收尾法”(又叫点弧法),可克服收尾温度高,难以填满的困难,但易产生气孔,尤其是碱性焊条更甚。因此使用酸性焊条时,可用“划圈收尾法”和“点弧法”;而使用碱性焊条是地,可用“划圈收尾法”和“回焊收尾法”,回焊的距离视结尾处温度高低而定,一般以2~3m为宜。

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