推荐回答（1个）
二十世纪九十年代的经典文本,余华的第一部长篇力作.小说描述了一位江南少年的成长经历和心灵历程.作品的结构来自于对时间的感受,确切地说是对记忆中的时间的感受,叙述者天马行空地在过去、现在和将来这三个时间维度里自由穿行,将忆记的碎片穿插、结集、拼嵌完整. 余华因这部小说于2004年3月荣获法兰西文学和艺术骑士勋章. 《活着》是一篇读起来让人感到沉重的小说.那种只有阖上书本才会感到的隐隐不快,并不是由作品提供的故事的残酷造成的.毕竟,作品中的亡家,丧妻,失女以及白发人送黑发人这样的故事并不具备轰动性.同时,余华也不是一个具有很强煽动能力的作家,实际上,渲染这样的表达方式是余华一直所不屑的.余华所崇尚的只是叙述,用一种近乎冰冷的笔调娓娓叙说一些其实并不正常的故事.而所有的情绪就是在这种娓娓叙说的过程中悄悄侵入读者的阅读.这样说来,《活着》以一种渗透的表现手法完成了一次对生命意义的哲学追问. 在后来的相当长一段时间内,以现实主义为标榜的中国主流文学评论,对《活着》给予了尖锐的批判.例如：认为作者将主人公福贵最终的活着类比为一种类似牲畜一般的生存,并予以唾弃.但是,随着时间的推移,市场,尤其是当海外市场对《活着》给予了高度的评论评价后,有关《活着》的另外一些见解渐渐出现.例如：《活着》是繁华落尽一片萧瑟中对生命意义的终极关怀；福贵的命运昭示着人类苦苦追寻一切不过虚妄而已,结尾那个与福贵同行的老牛暗示一个另高贵的人难以接受的事实：其实人真的只是一种存在,它和万物一样并无意义.追寻,探究的本质不过是一个大笑话而已等等. 事实上,后一种可能是非常大的,因为余华在冰冷中叙述残酷是他的拿手好戏.他就象一个熟练的外科医生慢条斯理地将生活的残酷本质从虚假仁道中剥离出来一样,《活着》用一种很平静,甚至很缓慢的方式,将人们在阅读可能存在的一个又一个向好的方向发展的幻想逐个打碎.这样就会有一个结局：人们就对此书留下深刻了印象.因为阅读是一次心理的恐惧经历. 实际上,这又暗示了中国文学的另外一个事实：以现实主义做口号的现实主义其实是最不敢面对现实的.比如：本质上,人活着本身除了活着以外,并无任何意义.那么如果一定要赋予意义的话,那么唯一可以算作意义的,恐怕只有活着本身了.《活着》的伟大感可能恰恰源于这里. 也正因如此,《活着》就明确了一个内容,活着在一般理解上是一个过程,但是,活着本质上其实是一种静止的状态. 余华想告诉读者：生命中其实是没有幸福或者不幸的,生命只是活着,静静地活着,有一丝孤零零的意味.
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