风力发电机组常见故障有哪些?

2025-03-11 09:09:24
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

常见故障及成因

1、风轮转动时发出异常声

故障原因:1)机舱罩松动或松动后碰到转动件;2)风轮轴承座松动或轴承损坏;3)增速器松动或齿轮箱轴承损坏;4)制动器松动;5)发电机松动;6)联轴器损坏;7)变桨距调速的液压油缸脱落或同步器断。

2、风速达身鬣定风速以上,但发电机不能输出颤定电压

故障原因:1)调速器卡滞,停留在某个位置上2)发电机转子和定子接触摩 擦3)增速器轴承或风轮轴轴承损坏4)刹车片回位弹簧失效致使刹车片处在半 制动状态5)控制系统调速失灵。

3、调向不更或不能调向

故障原因:1)下风向或尾舵调向的阻尼器阻力过大2)调速平衡弹簧拉力 小或失效3)调向电机失控或带病运转或其轴承坏:风速计或测速发电机有误 4)调向转盘轴承进入杂质且润滑不良,阻力太大或转盘轴承坏,不能转动。

4、风速变化不大时风轮时快时慢

故障原因:1)调速器调速弹簧失效2)调速油缸有气或液压管路有气,密封 圈磨损漏油3)调速电机电压波动过大4)叶片变桨距轴滚键

5、风轮转动而发电机不发电 

故障原因:1)励磁路断或接触不良2)电刷与滑环接触不良或电刷烧坏3) 晶闸管不起励4)发电机剩磁消失5)三次谐波励磁绕组断路或短路6)三次谐 波励磁晶闸管断路或短路7)励磁发电机转子绕组断路或短路8)发电机定子绕 组断、短路9)直流发电机转子绕组断、短路10)发电机定子或转子输出断 路或短路。

6、发电机三相不平衡

故障原因:1)发电机定子绕组有一相或两相局部有短路或引出线接触不良 2)负载三相不平衡或电网三相不平衡。

7、合闸送电或并网时熔断嚣熔断或聩闸

故障原因:i)外电路有短路2)负荷太重或电网太弱

上述故障对应的排除方法如下。

故障1的排除方法:1)重新紧固机舱罩并紧固螺栓2)重新调整风轮轴和增速器(或 低速联轴器)的同轴度,将固定螺栓拧紧、紧圃牢靠:若轴承损坏应更换轴承, 重新安装轴承座。3)调整增速器的同轴度,重新紧固其固定螺栓:拆下增速 器,更换轴承及油封,重新安装增速器。4)重新固定制动器及调整刹车片间隙 5)重新调整发电机的同轴度并将紧固螺栓紧固牢靠6)更换联轴器7)更换弹液 压油缸:更换同步器。

故障2的排除方法:1)找出变桨距驱动系统的卡滞位置,消除卡滞现象:液压驱动 变桨距的油缸卡死或漏油,更换油缸。2)发电机轴承损坏,应拆下更换:如是 轴发生交形,则拆下转子进行调校或更换。3)更换增速器轴承,重新调整同轴 度。4)更换刹车片回位弹簧,重新调整刹车片间隙。5)检查控制系统输出信 号,排除由于干扰造成的指令误发:如传感器损坏,应及时更换。6)更换变桨 距轴承7)更换或修理变桨距同步器。

故障3的排除方法:1)将阻尼器弹簧压力调小,清除阻尼器内杂质。2)将平衡弹 簧调整额定风速以上,更换失效弹簧。3)启动调向电机电控环,更换电机轴 承,重新安装调向电机:调向电机定子部分短路或开路拆下检查,重新下线,修 好后再重新安装:检查风速计和测速发电机,及时维修或更换。4)检查转盘轴 承,清除进入的杂质,清洗注油,更换油封:转盘轴承坏,需要拆下机舱更换,此 时应进行一次大修,更换所有轴承,更换润滑油(脂)等。

故障4的排除方法:1)更换调速弹簧2)更换油缸密封圈,找出管路接头漏油进气点 更换密封垫,将管路气体排出,消除液压油缸活塞摆动现象。3)查出电压波动 原因,消除电压波动。4)拆下叶片,更换新轴、键,重新安装。

故障5的排除方法:1)励磁回路断线或接触不良时,及时查找并重新接线2)有刷励 磁应检查电刷、滑环,接触不良应调整刷握弹簧,刷表面烧坏应及时更换,对 滑环表面应清洗、磨圆。3)检查触发线路并修理,恢复正常触发功能:如出 现晶闸管断路的情况应更换。4)重新用直流电源励磁,待发电机正常发电再 切除直流电源。5)拆下发电机,拆下三次谐波绕组,重新下线修理好。

故障6的排除方法:1)检查局部短路,拨开短路线,做好绝缘处理:引线接触不良或 重新焊接或紧固引线螺栓,如有接线卡头烧坏需更换。2)调整负载使其平衡: 电网不平衡应向有关电网管理部门报告,调整电网使之平衡。

故障7的排除方法:1)找出外电路短路处,排除故障,再合闸送电,当熔断器熔断或 跳闸时,风力发电机应接停车负载,以免飞车。2)减轻负载,再行送电:电网太 弱应向电网管理部门报告,减轻电网负载后再送电;应采取软并网,以防并网时 的大电流冲击。

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