推荐回答(2个)
作品主人公堂吉诃德是一个不朽的典型人物。书中写道,这个瘦削的、面带愁容的小贵族,由于爱读骑士文学,入了迷,竟然骑上一匹瘦弱的老马洛稷南提,找到了一柄生了锈的长矛,戴着破了洞的头盔,要去游侠,锄强扶弱,为人民打抱不平。他雇了附近的农民桑丘·潘沙做侍从,骑了驴儿跟在后面。堂吉诃德又把邻村的一个挤奶姑娘想像为他的女恩主,给她取了名字叫托波索之达辛尼娅。于是他以一个未受正式封号的骑士身份出去找寻冒险事业,他完全失掉对现实的感觉而沉入了漫无边际的幻想中,唯心地对待一切,处理一切,因此一路闯了许多祸,吃了许多亏,闹了许多笑话,然而一直执迷不悟。他把乡村客店当做城堡,把老板当做寨主,硬要老板封他为骑士。店老板乐得捉弄他一番,拿记马料账的本子当《圣经》,用堂吉诃德的刀背在他肩膀上着实打了两下,然后叫一个补鞋匠的女儿替他挂刀。受了封的骑士堂·吉诃德走出客店把旋转的风车当做巨人,冲上去和它大战一场,弄得遍体鳞伤。他把羊群当做军队,冲上去厮杀,被牧童用石子打肿了脸面,打落了牙齿。桑丘·潘沙一再纠正他,他总不信。他又把一个理发匠当做武士,给予迎头痛击,把胜利取得的铜盆当做有名的曼布里诺头盔。他把一群罪犯当做受迫害的绅士,杀散了押役救了他们,要他们到村子里找女恩主去道谢,结果反被他们打成重伤。他的朋友想了许多办法才把他弄回家去。在第二卷中,他继续去冒险,又吃了许多苦头,弄得一身病。他的一位朋友参孙·卡拉斯科假装成武士把他打翻了,罚他停止游侠一年。堂吉诃德到死前才悔悟。
这个人物的性格具有两重性:一方面他是神智不清的,疯狂而可笑的,但又正是他代表着高度的道德原则、无畏的精神、英雄的行为、对正义的坚信以及对爱情的忠贞等等。他越疯疯癫癫,造成的灾难也越大,几乎谁碰上他都会遭到一场灾难,但他的优秀品德也越鲜明。桑丘·潘沙本来为当“总督”而追随堂吉诃德,后看无望,仍不舍离去也正为此。堂吉诃德是可笑的,但又始终是一个理想主义的化身。他对于被压迫者和弱小者寄予无限的同情。从许多章节中,我们都可以找到他以热情的语言歌颂自由,反对人压迫人、人奴役人。也正是通过这一典型,塞万提斯怀着悲哀的心情宣告了信仰主义的终结。这一点恰恰反映了文艺复兴时期旧的信仰解体、新的信仰(资产阶级的)尚未提出的信仰断裂时期的社会心态。
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