推荐回答（4个）
肌肉萎缩指骨骼肌体积的缩小，可由于肌纤维变细或消失，是许多神经肌肉疾病的重要症状和体征。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a对于肌萎缩患者，首先应注意有无废用性因素(如骨折石膏固定后、关节病或其他疾病长期卧床影响肢体活动等原因引起)，应积极诊断、认真治疗。\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a表现为局限性一侧颞肌、嚼肌萎缩，张口时下颌偏向病侧，可同时伴有面部感觉及角膜反射减退或消失\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a表现为额或面颊局部的斑块性萎缩，皮肤色素较深，掐之皮下组织紧张，神经系统检查无异常\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a青春期起病，缓慢进行性面肌萎缩伴闭眼不紧、鼓腮或吹口哨不能，肱部肌肉萎缩、上肢举手时肩胛骨呈翼样突起，无感觉异常\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a缓慢起病的双侧舌肌萎缩、伴有肌束颤动\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a突然发生的舌肌萎缩，不伴有肌束颤动\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a青少年，舌肌萎缩与吞咽困难、构音困难伴存\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a一侧胸锁乳突肌萎缩合并斜方肌萎缩\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a双侧胸锁乳突肌萎缩，伴有全身性肌肉萎缩、行动起步困难、早秃、性腺萎缩\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a一侧背阔肌萎缩，不伴有同侧肱三头肌萎缩，但有局部皮肤感觉减退\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a一侧胸大肌萎缩，不伴有其他肌肉和神经系统症状\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a一侧三角肌萎缩，肩关节外展不能或力弱，不伴有其他肌肉萎缩而腋下有压痛\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a双侧肩胛带肌萎缩，有急性病史，无感觉异常及局部压痛\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a双侧肩胛带肌萎缩，伴两侧上肢及(或)胸壁感觉分离\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a两手肌肉对称性缓慢进行的萎缩(亦可见于腓肌萎缩)，一般不超过前臂中段水平\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a两侧肢体相同部位周长相差1厘米以上，在排除皮肤和皮下脂肪影响后，可怀疑肌肉萎缩。
肌肉萎缩在生活中是常见的疾病，肌肉萎缩症状主要有以下两点：急性和亚急性。肌萎缩一般为神经源性萎缩，其发生的速度与神经损害的速度和程度有关，神经受损及中断的越急越严重，则肌萎缩发生的越快越明显。
急性起病时的肌萎缩发生于瘫痪之后，临床以瘫痪的表现为主，如脊髓灰质炎、周围神经炎、酒精中毒等。神经痛性肌萎缩早期表现为肩胛附近的剧烈疼痛，在肩胛附近很快出现肌张力降低、瘫痪及肌肉萎缩，在某肌型中可出现单一的萎缩，呈镶嵌式。
进行性四肢远端性肌萎缩，又称神经源性肌萎缩，以四肢远端为主，上肢与手的骨间肌大小鱼际肌表现明显，下肢胫前肌萎缩表现较明显，两侧基本对称，常发生于瘫痪之前，为单一的症状。常见的疾病有运动神经元病肌萎缩、侧索硬化型和进行性脊髓性肌肉萎缩症，颈椎病所致的上肢远端的无力和肌萎缩。
这个疾病一般以神经源性萎缩为主，慢慢的肌肉脂肪化，可以采用中药治疗，患者有这样的情况多长时间了
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