推荐回答(2个)
关于茶梅的最早记载,以前我国的茶花界都认为是北宋陶弼的《山茶》诗中写到的“大曰山茶小海红”,这“小海红”就是当今的茶梅。我国的茶梅专家徐碧玉女士在《四库全书》中意外发现早在唐代中期就已经有专门描述茶梅的诗篇。她写了一篇文章,叫《唐代刘长卿茶梅诗初考》(刊登在《中国茶花》杂志2004年第一期)。她说:“有关茶梅的史料,日本茶梅专家箱田直纪教授在其《关于茶梅品种分化史的考察》(1974年)论文中表述:日本最早记载茶梅的是贝益原轩所著的《花谱》(1694年),中国最早记载茶梅的文献是王路编著的《花史左编》(1617年,明代)。”唐代刘长卿描述的茶梅诗收录于康熙四十七年(1708年)汪灏等编撰的《广群芳谱》。刘长卿的这首赞颂茶梅的五言律诗叫《夏中崔中丞宅见海红摇落一花独开》:“何事一花残,闲庭百草阑。绿滋经雨发,红艳隔林看。竟日余香在,过时独秀难。共怜芳意晚,秋露未须团。”这首诗不仅写了“绿滋”和“红艳”,还点明了其花期在“百草阑”和“秋露团(多)”的深秋,更突出了茶梅的清香。诗题中的“宅”字,可见此株茶梅为人工栽培于庭院之中。“摇”字古通“遥”字,“摇落一花”真实地描写了茶梅落花时片片花瓣散落的景象。
自宋代开始,茶梅已普遍栽培,因此出现了许多描写茶梅的诗词。除了上述提到的陶弼《山茶》诗中所称的“小海红”外,还有宋代刘仕亨的诗《咏茶梅花》和无名氏的词《浣溪沙·茶梅》,明代文徵明的题画诗《茶梅双禽》。明代画家陈道复的《茶梅》诗,别有韵味地写出茶梅的小巧玲珑:“花开春雪中,态较山茶小。老圃谓茶梅,命名亦端好。”明代高濂的词《梅花令·茶梅》不仅写了茶梅“淡粉”、“微红”的花色,而且还写了花形,“花却是,与梅浑”,花形与梅花相似。茶梅“花开春雪中”,如果花期甚迟,又是红花,则其品种是“小玫瑰”。在浙江还有小茶梅、小缘杨、矮脚红梅、重瓣红茶梅等别名。而日本大阪称为“狮子头”,东京称为“寒椿”。日本的贝益原轩在《花谱》中用汉字名称“茶梅花”、“海红花”等品种描述。根据“海红花”的花色、树为矮性、花开冬季以及花期长的特征,贝益原轩先生认为中国的“海红花”与日本的“狮子头”的特征完全一致。这就说明“海红花”和“狮子头”是同一个品种,也就是我国现在所叫的“小玫瑰”。这个品种是我国最古老的品种,也是传统生产最多、现代园林应用最广的品种。徐碧玉认为,我国唐代中期就已将茶梅作为观赏植物,而且已进入庭院栽培欣赏,这足以说明我国的茶梅栽培史至少在1200年以上。
散诞向阳眠。将闲敌地仙。诗情茶助爽。药力酒能宣。 一帘春欲暮,茶烟细杨落花风。
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