推荐回答（3个）
占卜（divination）
用各种超尘世的方法来获得尘世间事物的信息或预卜凶吉祸福的迷信活动。“占”意为观察，“卜”是以火灼龟壳，认为就其出现的裂纹形状，可以预测吉凶福祸。它通过研究观察各种征兆所得到的不完全的依据来判断未知事物或预测将来。在许多社会里，占卜仅仅是操作者在将行某事时，由于没有把握而借助某些器具或现象寻求信息或解答，由此满足心理需求的行为。占卜流行于全世界各个时代的文化中，而且方法多种多样。早期的占卜和宗教密切相关，其发展受到宇宙观和民族心理的影响。常见的占卜方式有询问性占卜（如中国民间的求签）、鸡卜、鸟卜、鸟占、水占、星占、纸牌占卜等。
《易经．系辞》云：“易有圣人之道四焉：以言者尚其辞，以动者尚其变，以制器者尚其象，以卜筮者尚其占”。 卜筮之道，起源甚早！《周礼》春官太卜掌三礼，一曰《连山》，二曰《归藏》，三曰《周易》。连山、归 藏早已亡佚，今仅有《周易》存焉。《周易》之始作於伏羲，当时仅有其象，尚未有文字。周文王开展为六十四卦， 又属之以辞，是为《彖辞》。周公赋予爻象，各作《爻辞》。最后孔子作《十翼》。此经於是灿然大备，史称“易经四圣”，而《易经》也成为后世阴阳五行哲学之圭臬！其中占卜一道，当然也是祖绍《周易》，万变不离其中。不过更严格来说，卜筮之道起源早甚於《周易》，只是中国占卜之法，皆不能出《易经》之其右耳！
占卜之法繁多，古时之以蓍草占卦，方法十分繁复；如《系辞》云：“大衍之数五十，其用四十有九；分而为二，以象两，挂一以象三，揲之以四，以象四时，归奇於扐，以象闰，五岁再闰，故 再扐而后挂”，此即是蓍草之占卜法。而后 来据说鬼谷仙师改蓍草为铜钱，定财、官、父、兄、子等用神之生克制化，这其实是占卜法的重大改革！因为古人心静而诚，漫长的卜卦过程与时间，尚且可以制心一处，专心以待；今人事多而心有旁骛，哪堪冗长的等待！蓍草尚未揲完，心思 就像是在放一千个风筝般，早已不知飞向何方了？而不专心又如何能占得准确的卦呢？这种简化的趋势，一直在进行中；像是以米粒，数字，以及字划....，其中如《梅花易数》一书中，洋洋洒洒罗列了如物数占、声音占、字占〔字占中包括了一字占、二字占....十一字占〕，以及丈尺占 和动、静物占....等等。现今可见的占卜法中，大都脱不出这些范畴，只不过是略加变化而已。
占卜流派
说到占卜的方法甚多，不胜枚举。姑且不论中国人的占卜法，许多西洋舶来品占法，像扑克牌算命，或是近日时兴的塔罗牌法，乃至於咖啡杯中的残余咖啡图案，皆可预示吉凶！若再加上我们自己固有之占法，那可热闹了。其实所谓“神机兆於动”，只要能掌握神机之灵动， 那就无物不能卜了。只不过话虽如此，深浅之间，则大有文章矣！
若单纯以立卦而占卜来说，大约可分为：周易卜卦、梅花易数，以及文王圣卦三种。
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