有点烂的葡萄能做酒吗?

2025-02-28 03:21:42
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

珍贵“烂”葡萄 其实,它并不是真的烂了。只是葡萄颗粒因受到一种叫做BotrytisCinerea(葡萄孢)的霉菌感染,而被蛀出我们肉眼看不见的小孔,这使得葡萄里的水分被蒸发,逐渐变得干瘪,且表皮上形成一层薄薄的黑灰色茸毛。这种细菌是一种自然界存在的腐性寄生物,经常寄生在水果皮上,对人体无害。这样的感染过程不仅能使原本已经很甜的葡萄果实变得更甜,而且产生了让口感更圆滑滋润的甘油,并形成格外动人饱满的香气。 BotrytisCinerea很骄贵,不是在任何葡萄园都能出现和传播的,它需要一种独特的微型气候(Micro-Climat)才能产生——早上阴冷富水气,下午干燥日炎热。早上潮湿的气候有利于这种霉菌的滋生蔓延,中午过后的千热天气才能使葡萄果粒里的水分从感染处蒸发,脱水提高了葡萄的甜度。说起来简单,但全世界拥有这种独特地理环境,造就如此苛刻气候条件的葡萄园产区就那么几个。像波尔多地区和匈牙利的产区都有条河,早上河两岸经常弥漫着雾气,之后太阳的照射和风使雾气渐渐散去,到了中午,阳光普照又抑制了霉菌的生长。 即便如此,也不是每年都能出产贵腐酒,因为如果天气反常,即便是“上帝赐予”的那几个产区也无可奈何。葡萄园主每年都得冒着葡萄烂掉的风险,等待真正的浓缩葡萄来酿酒。此外,采摘也是件麻烦事:需要逐粒逐串挑选。因为不是每一颗葡萄都同时受到感染,并日珍萎程度也不一样。而感染上贵腐霉的葡萄园往往香气冲天,这让天上路过的小鸟们直流口水,它们才不会错过这顿美餐。这些都直接影响了贵腐酒的产量,有时—棵葡萄树或许只能出产—杯贵腐美酒。 德国说,贵腐酒在德国已有200多年的历史,它的起源根据记载最早产自莱茵河的约翰山堡酒庄,当时这家酒庄归教会所有,并且有一个严厉的主教,他控制着多个葡萄园。这位主教爱外游,某次外出因事耽误了回程,虽然葡萄早就熟了,但工人们不敢自作主张去采摘,只得任由葡萄在树上长毛腐烂。主教回来后,虽然懊恼却不便发作,惟有吩咐即行采摘并用来压榨酿酒,却没料到酿成了格外香甜美味的贵腐酒。匈牙利说,世界上的贵腐酒最早起源于匈牙利,大约是在l650年,托卡伊Tokaji城与土耳其帝国发生战争,从而导致葡萄延迟采收,因此而发明了贵腐酒。 法国说,苏玳(Sauternes)地区甜酒生产历史起源于400多年以前,相传伊盖姆酒庄的主人酷爱打猎,在一次狩猎出行前他叮嘱酒庄工人一定要等他回来后再采摘葡萄。结果迷猎晚归,酒庄100多公顷的葡萄全部感染上了贵腐菌,一年的辛勤劳动眼看就要付之东流。为了尽可能地减少损失,他决定像往常一样装桶发酵,结果烂葡萄做出了口感圆润甜美的贵腐酒。 掌眼贵腐酒掌眼,是收藏圈里的一句行话,意思是专家鉴定,去伪存真。在贵腐酒的识别上,也需要那么点专业眼光。 常常有些人将贵腐酒与晚收葡萄酒(Lateharvest)混为一谈,虽然它们都是含糖量很高的甜酒,但却有根本上的区别。Lateharvest是在葡萄成熟之后,延缓采收时间,让葡萄继续在枝上成熟,这与贵腐酒有点相同,但用来酿造晚收酒的葡萄却没有受到葡萄孢感染,也就是没有发生贵腐现象,它是用健康的葡萄酿制的,因而不能被称为贵腐甜酒。 另外,从酒标上来看,标有Noble或者Botrytis的是贵腐酒,比如NobleRot,NobleLateHarvest,NobleRiesling,NobleSemillon等。此外,还有一些是看产地的,产地的名称就是指贵腐酒,如法国的苏玳(Sauternes)、巴萨克(Barsac)、蒙巴兹雅克(Monbazillac)、苏西尼涅克(Sausignac)、凯迪亚克(Cadillac)、露比亚克(Lupiac)、山的圣十字(SaintQoi)(duMont)等,这些都是贵腐酒。此外还有阿尔萨斯的SeleCciondeGrainsNoble、卢瓦尔山谷(Loire)地区的VouvrayMoulleux、匈牙利托卡伊(TokajiAszu)、德国的等级TBA(Trcckenbeerenauslese)也都是指贵腐酒。每个产区因使用的葡萄品种不同,酿制方法差异,贵腐酒的口感也不尽相同。 由于贵腐酒甜度非常高,所以建议冰到10-12摄氏度时再细细品尝,若在品尝前能够醒1-2个小时,风味会更好。至于配餐嘛,当然是细致动人的精美甜点了。

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