金属晶体的熔点,沸点,硬度与原子结构的关系

2025-04-02 02:07:07
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

熔沸点属于物理性质,是分子之间的作用力决定的,分子间作用力越大,破坏它越难,需要的能量越多,沸点越高。
分子间作用力包括范德华力和氢键。
一般,结构、组成相似的物质,分子量越大,范德华力越大,沸点越高。如F2、Cl2、Br2、I2,从气体到固体,沸点升高。
一般有分子间氢键的物质,沸点较高。如H2O等……
若形成分之内氢键,则分子间就不能形成氢键了,相对分子比较独立,因此沸点会较小。

硬度与物质的 微观分子/原子结构有

晶体融化时的温度叫做熔点。物质有晶体和非晶体,晶体有熔点,而非晶体则没有熔点。晶体又因类型不同而熔点也不同.一般来说晶体熔点从高到低为,原子晶体>离子晶体>金属晶体>分子晶体。在分子晶体中又有比较特殊的,如水,氨气等.它们的分子只间因为含有氢键而不符合"同主组元素的氢化物熔点规律性变化''的规律。

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