诸葛亮一生犯的诸多错误

2025-03-10 05:31:19
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

诸葛孔明一生八大不足之处:
虽是诸葛武侯八不足,然吾认为此也是蜀亡之更由也!
穷兵黩武一不明也!三国时不论从何角度看均以蜀汉最弱。本应利用蜀中天险而固守江山,发展经济增强国力,同时培养后续人才,静观天下局势,一旦有变在出兵发魏,暗合诸葛亮自己提出的《隆中对》之战略。此才是上上之举。然诸葛武侯却为报先主三顾之恩,不顾三国国力,不记天下局势之无常,而一意孤行,数次北发,累国累民。而自己一生用兵谨慎,自比管、毅,却不知“兵者,鬼道也……”之上古名理,以至数伐均是徒劳无功,反而拖垮了蜀国国力,使之兵员、人力、将才、经济、农业等等的不到好的发展,和囤积,以至于死后短短数年就走上亡国道路。由于兵力的不足,姜维守城又不得不撤走原部署在丛山之中的“边防军”,以至于邓艾有机可乘。此一也!
不重人才培养二不明也!在武侯数十年的丞相任中,人才的培养,特别是青年人才的培养上极其不足。以至于武侯一亡,朝堂上,可继承丞相位的仅剩蒋碗、费伊等寥寥数人,且均已两鬓斑白,不堪久用之人,使得蜀中官场(政治)不稳,丞相居然居德阳而理国事;军旅中,能征善战的武将亡得亡、病得病、反得反,以至于“蜀国无大将,廖化做先锋”,唯剩姜维还能独当一面,最后连自己不懂领军打仗的儿子、孙子战死绵竹,而断后,可叹!可悲!宫廷内,歼宦当政以至于,后主刘阐在成都内上可固守一战,外有姜维晋军勤王,南有南蛮雄兵,西有羌人为援的情行下,投降于兵力不过数千的邓艾之下。此为不明之二。
不修内政而先伐魏三不明也!此于前两点有很大的共同点。据天险而自守,修内政,人民富了、人口多了、军备足了打仗才会赢。汉朝老主宗刘邦不正是以次而战败项羽一统天下的吗?打仗大什么?归根结底就是打国力、打后援,此为千古不便之真理。国力不足,自己地盘又小、人又少、将又寡还去攻打远强于己的曹魏,而曹魏又有秦岭汉中这一天险可守,还去单方面攻击,简直是以卵击石。此为三也!
以上为诸葛亮在政治上的主要错误同时也是蜀国国策地错误。
不视马谡四也!此为诸葛亮一生中用人、视人上的最大失败之处,同时也是其军事上的重大错误。也因为如此是他尝到了自己造成的最大苦果。街亭战役运用了只会“纸上谈兵、言过其实”的马谡,造成怎么样的后果相信已不用我多说了吧。此为四也。同时也使得诸葛亮抱憾终生。
一生用兵太过谨慎五也!此点也是诸葛亮军事上的错误。“兵者、鬼道也……”,用兵不宜过于谨慎。试想一下,如果诸葛亮采用魏严的计策,分兵出奇,一旦成功,那样的话长安难道不是唾手可得吗?一旦如此那么孙吴就不会在象以前那样只是观望,必会出兵发魏,届时两国全力攻魏,《隆中对》的战略决策就可实现,天下局势将会是另一番景象。司马懿也是看中了诸葛亮的这点,他才会在数次的交锋中固守险地而不出,看似每战比败,实则大胜。
以上是武侯军事上两大致命错误。以下为其个人政治、个人魅力方面的错误。
自恃过高不进人言六也!武侯在茅庐时就自比“管、毅”,其周围朋友也赞其为“兴周姜望、开汉之房”,出山后以一无名之辈,火烧夏侯、舌战群儒、三气周喻、计夺荆洲、智取西川,环顾天下难逢敌手,使得其多少有点飘飘然,难听人言。刘备临死说言被其当为妄语,而糟街亭之祸;目空一切,而兵败姜维;自恃过高,而终不得迈出汉中一步。此为六也!
劝阻刘备报仇不成七也!很多人会说这不应是诸葛之错,刘备兼之两个盟弟之死,以君主之身强行复仇,谁拦得了,谁又敢拦?其实不然,连赵云那样的武将都敢犯言直柬,诸葛亮又为何不可呢?以刘备对其的倚重,我相信只要他能犯言直柬,刘备是不会不考虑的,张飞未死时不是已成功过一次吗?
不能肃清庙堂八也!刘备白帝托孤时,让刘阐拜其为“相父”,言及:“太子可辅,当全力为之,否则可自立为成都王”,而诸葛亮却诚惶诚恐,战战兢兢之余向刘备表白忠心。然后来这位蜀汉肱骨之丞,对这位新皇的近侍宦官却无雷霆手腕,即使皇帝反对,然有先帝之遗照难道还怕吗?使得汉末宦官乱政之事得已重演,谁又能不说是错在诸葛呢??此为八也!

回答2:

打仗太保守 用马谡守街亭

回答3:

无数次

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