中古汉语的平上去入四声具体的发音是 怎么 样的

2025-03-30 22:02:17
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

从《中原音韵》中可以发现,当时入声分配是很有规律的,如全浊字母的字全部变阳平,次浊字母的字全部变去声,清母变上声.因为没有派入阴平的入声,所以叫“入派三声”.在普通话中,很多字如“屋”“郭”“托”“滴”等被派到了阴平里,所以被称做“入派四声”.
  中古汉语的平声,大致相当于现代汉语普通话中读为阴平(一声)和阳平(二声);
  中古汉语的上声,相当于现代汉语普通话的上声(三声);
  中古汉语的去声,相当于现代汉语普通话的去声(四声);
  中古汉语的入声,分到了现代汉语普通话的阴平、阳平、上声、去声.
  据统计,古入声字约500字左右,其中半数的字派到去声,1/3的派到阳平,15%派到阴平,6%的派到上声.从入声到入派三声到派入四声,基本是按一定规律进行的,其规律有如下几个:
  一:声母b、d、g、z、j、z、zh读成阳平的如“白、笛、国”等为入声字.惟独“鼻”古为去声,“雹、甭、咱”古是平声.
  二:ve韵母为古入声,惟独“靴、瘸、嗟”例外.
  三:uo和zh、ch、sh、r拼都是入声.如桌、戳、说、若.
  四:a与f、z、c、s拼都是入声,如发、砸、擦、洒.(“仨”字例外)
  ia和q拼都是,和x拼惟独“霞、虾、暇(含“瑕、遐等”)不是,和j拼惟独“夹、甲、戛”及其形声字是.

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