推荐回答(1个)
陈圆圆:常州武进(今属江苏)人,本姓邢,名沅,字畹芬。为苏州名妓,善歌舞。
初为田畹歌妓,后吴三桂纳为妾。三桂出镇山海关,李自成农民起义军攻克北京,曾被俘。三桂降清,清军攻陷北京,仍归三桂,从至云南。晚年为女道士,改名寂静,字玉庵。民间传说称吴三桂降清是为了她。
有没有一首歌能曲尽陈圆圆的心事?那一定不会是吴梅村的《圆圆曲》:“恸哭六军俱缟素,冲冠一怒为红颜。”尽管这个文人想同情陈圆圆,但毕竟男人的视角,看什么都笼着一层家国恨的雾气,看什么都是一个时代的宏大叙事。而女人是不会那么想的。她只为了自己的心。
许多人见识陈圆圆的美貌是在金庸的小说里。在《碧血剑》中,陈圆圆一出场,“每个人和她眼波一触,都如全身浸在暖洋洋的温水中一般,说不出的舒服受用”,李自成手下大将刘宗敏,“目不转睛地瞪视着陈圆圆,咕噜一声,吞下了一大口馋涎”,一伙小将爬的爬,抱的抱,丑态百出。圆圆的美态已如滔滔江水汩汩奔流而出。
陈圆圆,本名陈沅,是苏州的一名青楼女子,因色艺双绝而芳名远播。她曾嫁过一次人,传说中还曾与大才子冒辟疆相爱。但她的精彩人生之后才开始。陈圆圆本被国舅田弘花了20万两银子购买欲献于崇祯,但志大才疏、出名勤奋的崇祯不愿沾上这个尤物,把陈圆圆退货到田家。后来,在歌舞宴席上,吴三桂被陈圆圆迷得神魂颠倒,答应“大难来时先保护田家”,终于抱得美人归。
如果把被送来卖去的陈圆圆简单看成是受害者,显然是幼稚的。作为一位名妓,陈圆圆对自己的命运是有相当大的决定权的,看看“秦淮八艳”都各与名重一时的才子交往甚至相爱就可以看出来,老鸨在这个时候也只能陪着笑。《海上花》告诉我们,那时的名妓爱谁就谁,发发脾气耍耍小性子,志不同道不合琴棋书画不入品流的靠边站。她们的每一分钱都是自己挣的,早早就在盘算着择木而栖了,底气比大家闺秀还要足。以色事人,既让她们有了对男人更多的可能选择,也让她们对婚姻和归宿更加脆弱更加偏执。
陈圆圆遇到吴三桂的时候,她想,总算逮住一个英雄了。好歹,吴三桂自许为儒将,器宇不凡吧。没想到战事一急,吴三桂撒丫子就跑,只能把圆圆留在京城府中。李自成的军队打进了北京,陈圆圆被李之部下刘宗敏所掠。本来,在大明灭亡以后,吴三桂镇守的山海关已是孤城一座,外面是清兵,里面是农民军,吴不是降番就是降贼,总要投降一方。吴三桂本已答应投降李自成的,但一听说圆圆已被刘宗敏占有了,气得掉头就打,投降了清军,打开山海关迎多尔衮领兵入关,大败李自成,成了明清交替时的关键人物。
历史有时就像任人打扮的婢女。陈圆圆固然是吴三桂做决定的原因之一,是清兵入关的无数个小螺丝钉之一,但绝不是惟一。而在野史中,更愿意把陈圆圆和李自成配成一对,这样,这个歌妓就同时和大明皇帝、大顺皇帝、平西王这三个死对头、三代枭雄都有染了。一个女人站在三个男人的三岔口上,而这三个男人,分别代表了一个国家三种不同的命运,她的爱情决定苍生社稷的命运,听起来有趣得紧,所以大家宁愿记住传说而忘记信史。金庸在小说《鹿鼎记》里就是这么干的。
陈圆圆又被抢回到吴三桂身边。她就像食肆里的咸鱼,被人翻过来摊过去。随波逐流、人尽可夫,只因为被时代巨浪裹胁着,自己是做不了主的呀。在出家做道姑多年以后,吴三桂兵败,陈圆圆自沉莲花池,落了个白茫茫一片大地真干净。——有时,不能高估人的主观能动性,尤其是女人,她们再聪明,也只好成为历史的一颗棋子。
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