推荐回答(4个)
1、因为其作用是防火、防热(夏季地下温度低)、防冻,便于操作。
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2、油罐按材料分为钢、钢筋混凝土和砖石三种。钢油罐有立式(包括拱顶式和浮顶式圆筒形)、球壳式(球形)和卧式(圆筒形)。 立式拱顶油罐由球冠形的罐顶及立式圆柱形罐壁所构成,主要用于储存介质为不易挥发油品,如柴油及相似类油品。最常用的容积为 1000 -10000m。
3、立式圆筒形钢油罐。罐壁厚度t,单位毫米,应满足下式 式中H为所计算的某一圈罐壁板底边至罐壁顶端(当设有溢流口时,应至溢流口下沿)的垂直距离,单位米;D为油罐内直径,单位米;[σ]为设计温度下罐壁钢板的允许应力,单位公斤/毫米2;γ 为储液容重,单位吨/米3,嗞为焊缝系数,取0.9;C0为钢板厚度允许负偏差,单位毫米;C为腐蚀宽裕度,单位毫米。 浮顶油罐壁上的抗风圈和罐壁加强圈应按计算确定。拱顶首先应验算稳定性,即拱顶的设计外压要小于拱顶的允许临界压力。当在地震设防地区建造油罐时,必须对罐壁进行抗震验算。当容积大于50000米3时,若采用浮顶钢油罐,则罐壁下部的钢板厚达40毫米以上,不易卷成圆弧形,可改用浮顶钢筋混凝土油罐。
4、球形钢油罐。应计算球壳厚度、支柱稳定性、基础板尺寸、拉杆和其连接、支柱与球壳的连接部位。 钢油罐基础 立式油罐应设置在沥青砂绝缘层上以防止油罐底板的腐蚀。若油温大于80°C,绝缘层上部要增设隔热层。下部为振实的砂或砂石混合材料垫层,四周设护坡或环墙。当为软弱地基或处在地震区或用地受到限制时可用钢筋混凝土环墙式基础。球形油罐的支柱下可采用钢筋混凝土独立基础或环形基础。卧式油罐采用墩墙式基础,罐体安置的位置和高度应能使油品自流。虽然钢油罐的地基容许有较大的均匀沉降,为了抵消沉降值,基础宜预先抬高。并要防止地基的不均匀沉降,以免引起油罐破坏。
我们通常看见的加油站,只是建在地面的一小部分,加油站的大部分设施都埋在地下。我们给汽车加油时显示数据的机器,其实是一个外观精致、性能良好的油泵,它通过许多管道和地下的储油罐相连。这个油泵有双重作用:通过智能喷枪往汽车的油箱内注入碳氢燃料(汽油),同时抽取油箱内散发出来的汽油蒸气,然后将汽油蒸气送回到地下的储油罐中。这个储油罐由双层外壳构成,上半部分用来收集汽油蒸气(冷却后转变成汽油),下半部分用来储存汽油。在储油罐的夹层中注入了一种特殊的液体防冻剂,防冻剂和一个精密的缓冲槽相连,缓冲槽的主要作用是探测油罐是否泄漏。当给汽车加油的时候,只要把智能喷枪插入汽车的油箱,自动输油阀就会开启,汽油源源不断从输油管道流入油箱,汽油蒸气则通过另一条蒸气管道进入储油罐。当汽车的油箱装满汽油时,位于喷枪末端的溢流检测器会自动封闭输油管道。储油罐一端连接的排气孔能够排放多余的气体,调节油箱的压力。安置在地面的沙槽是一种简单的灭火设施。
简单的说,起作用是防火、防热(夏季地下温度低)、防冻,便于操作。
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