硫磺熏干货的原理

用化学方程式表示~
2025-04-06 19:40:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

按照国家的规定,干果类食品是可以用硫磺熏蒸漂白的,但这个所谓的“干果”,应该是指带外壳的果实;去壳后的果肉,不应该再用硫磺熏蒸,尤其是桂圆肉这种食品,通常不经水洗直接入口的,特别要注意防止一些对人体不利的物质残留。“而且硫磺在使用量和残留量上也有严格的限制,并不是越多越好”。

28日下午,广西大学化学化工学院副教授李启辉接受记者采访。他介绍,硫磺的漂白原理比较简单,硫磺经燃烧变成二氧化硫,二氧化硫是一种还原剂,可以用于漂白脱色,而且还有灭菌作用。在白糖生产中,的确有硫磺熏蒸漂白这一道工艺,但随后有严格的去除残留物工序。

李副教授说,如果普通果肉食品用大量硫磺熏蒸,则会有二氧化硫残留,二氧化硫对人体是有害的。另外,经过硫磺熏蒸,果肉里的糖分会变异,营养成分降低,口感也不好。他同时说,卫生部制定的那个标准已经过去六七年了,有些东西不免有些“过时”;现在在一些经济发达国家,对硫磺在漂白食品方面的使用,已有越来越严格的限制,日本等好些国家原则上不再用了。今年年初,日本对中国出口的竹筷,也提出了严格的含硫限量。“虽然不是吃进肚,但也送到嘴里了,也应该要注意”。

硫磺被滥用 样样都熏蒸

硫磺有没有被滥用呢?记者同时对此进行了采访。

家住邕武路的潘秀全做干货这一行有7年了,他告诉记者:“搞干货的50%以上都熏硫磺。而且有的很过分。”之所以要这样干,一方面是想防止干货发霉生虫,另一方面就为熏出个好“卖相”。比如将银耳熏得象玉一样的透明,将干笋搞得“黄亮亮的”,“这样就需要用大量硫磺来熏蒸”。

28日中午,潘秀全应记者之邀,专门带着记者去辨识“硫磺货”。在南宁市和平商场一楼的一个干杂摊前,潘先生拿起一朵银耳说:“你看,这种白得有点惨亮,简单熏一下是达不到的,硫磺肯定很大量地用。”他拿起银耳让记者嗅,一股刺鼻的气味让人直想打喷嚏。在另一摊点,潘先生故意嫌银耳不够“漂亮”,老板见状,马上叫工仔跑去仓库里拿来一样品,这个样品够“漂亮”。记者把两种银耳放在一起对比:“漂亮”的银耳真是够“美白”,像白种人的脸,而另一种就成了“黄种人”。潘先生说,其实本色银耳应该是黄一点,软一点的,那种白得透明又很脆爽的,熏硫磺太多了,吃了会害人。

在南京路,不少摊点的干笋“黄亮亮”的,格外好看。潘先生说,这种颜色的干笋,十有八九是用了太多的硫磺熏蒸。

28日下午,广西亚热带作物研究所的李建强先生专程来到报社,他说,熏过硫磺的桂圆在南宁“很有市场”。据他了解,有人专门在桂圆高产年时大量收购,然后用过量的硫磺拼命地熏,因为只有这样才能让桂圆保存期长些,而且保持美白的外观,“熬”到第二年(小产年)卖。这种桂圆闻起来无香味,也不好吃。但价钱很有竞争力,况且还好看。李先生说,今年好一点、正一点的新鲜桂圆(绝不熏硫磺、无防腐剂、添加剂)要40元/斤,可市面上有些桂圆肉才卖10元/斤。“我看多是隔年熏硫货,否则没有那么便宜”。

食品专业出身的刘先生也来电说,正常情况下,生鲜品在成为干货后,有一个褐变的过程,即原色将会改变。可反观南宁市市面上的一些干货,很多竟然还保持鲜货时的颜色——这只有一种解释,肯定是大量地熏过硫磺。

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