推荐回答(2个)
请输入你的答案... 古典诗歌的译者不是古人,他无需为古人翻译,无论是原诗所属的古人,还是译诗所属的古人。事实上,采用英诗传统格律,当代英语读者并不买账。自新诗运动以来,英诗的创作已彻底摆脱了传统格律的束缚,翻译也是如此。美国新诗运动的主帅庞德以自由体译中国古典诗歌18首,大受欢迎,掀起了一个翻译中国诗的热潮,同时也为刚刚起步的新一代诗人输送了外来营养。英国汉学家韦利紧随其后,一反传统汉学家固守英诗格律的观念,采用自由的“弹跳律”翻译汉译。正因为庞德和韦利的翻译观念符合新的时代诗学,他们的译作才能深入人心,中国诗才开始在英语世界家喻户晓。其中一批译作如庞德译李白《长干行》、韦利译白居易《游悟真思诗一百三十韵》早已成为英诗经典,进入各种权威的英国和美国文学作品选。这已是英诗发展史和汉诗英译史上的常识和定论。 不了解这一段历史,不考察这些译作的成败,或者换个角度来说,如果没有经受现代英诗运动的洗礼,不愿意或没有能力接受当代诗学和翻译观念,任何一个译者,哪怕他有再高的英文技能,都无法胜任汉诗英译之职,除非他的译作不以现代英语读者为对象,只是为了闭门造车、自娱自乐。可叹的是,译作没有读者,就好像原作投了一个死胎,即使强行送出去,亦无新生的机会。 无需“送去”,自1915年庞德出版汉诗英译的小册子《古中国》(Cathy)以来,中国古典诗歌的某些精神早已被欧美诗人“拿去”,并吸纳到英语诗歌之中,成为其民族文学不可分割的一部分。反过来看,借助一代又一代中国译者和诗人如冯至、查良铮、北岛的翻译,外国文学已具有了抹不掉的中国性,现代诗不仅是欧美的也是中国的。这种双向的翻译已逐渐打破了民族文学的壁垒。早在1827年歌德就说过,“我愈来愈深信,诗是人类共有的精神财富……民族文学在现在算不了什麼,世界文学的时代就快要来临了。现在每个人都应该发挥自己的作用,促使他早日来临。” 人类进入21世纪,民族文学日益被翻译文学和世界文学所取代。如今,民族文学不在翻译中失去,就在翻译中获得,只有在翻译中获得的才成为世界文学。任何一种古代文学,如果不能借助语内或语际的翻译,与当代诗学保持同步,它就无由参与今日世界文学的发展,也无法成为未来全世界共同的文化遗产。让我们期盼有更多的中国古典诗歌走入世界,让李白和杜甫像莎士比亚和托尔斯泰一样,成为全世界共同的文学遗产。
除了懂得汉语的外国人,一般的外国人都不怎么懂得中国诗歌的妙处的,因为中文翻译成外文之后的意思就全变了,至少要改变很多,况且中国诗歌往往一字之差都会有很大意思上的改变,这也是中国人为什么到目前为止还拿不到诺贝尔文学奖的原因。毕竟,中国有不属于世界上任何一个国家的文学历史,以及大文豪,比如鲁迅,巴金,矛盾,沈从文等等
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