The deterioration of the ecological environment has a lot of people against the most basic conditions for survival. Sustainable economic development and environmental protection related to the future and destiny of mankind, the world of universal concern, the major issues to be resolved. Based on the fragile ecological environment in Xinjiang region to study in the economic definition of the concept of sustainable development and strategic position and Xinjiang's economic and ecological environment to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the status quo on the basis of the sustainable development of Xinjiang's economic and environmental basic characteristics, and The sustainable economic development and environmental protection in the relationship between the specific analysis. Lastly, based on people and the restoration of relations, such as control of the characteristics of their proposed the principle of coordinated development and countermeasures