1.直线l截圆x2+y2-2y=0所得弦AB的中点是(-1/2,3/2),求直线l的方程.
解:假设直线方程为 y = kx + b, 带入 x^2 + y^2 - 2y = 0, 得
x^2 + (kx+b)^2 - 2(kx + b) = 0
x^2 + k^2 * x^2 + 2kbx + b^2 - 2kx -2b = 0
(k^2 + 1)x^2 + 2k(b - 1)x + b^2 - 2b = 0 ------------------------(1)
弦AB的中点是(-1/2,3/2), 所以方程(1)的两个解的和为 2 * (-1/2) = -1 = - 2k(b - 1)/[2(k^2 + 1)] = - k(b - 1)/(k^2 + 1)
k(b - 1)/(k^2 + 1) = 1 ------------- (2)
y1 + y2 = k(x1 + x2) + b, 2 * (3/2) = k * (-1) + b, 3 = b - k ----------- (3)
(2)(3) 联合 求得
k(2+k) = k^2+1, 2k = 1, k = 1/2
b = 3 + k = 7/2
所以直线为 y = 7x/2 + 1/2
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2.求和直线3x-4y+4=0垂直且与圆x2-2x+y2-3=0相切的直线方程.
解:
3x-4y+4=0, y = 3x/4 + 1, 斜率为 3/4
那么与它垂直的直线的斜率为 - 1/(3/4) = -4/3
假设它为 y = -4x/3 + b, 带入圆方程 x^2 - 2x + y^2 - 3 = 0, 得
x^2 - 2x + (-4x/3 + b)^2 - 3 = 0
x^2 - 2x + 16x^2/9 - 8bx/3 + b^2 - 3 = 0
25x^2/9 - (2 + 8b/3)x + b^2 - 3 = 0 ---------- (1)
因为相切, 所以只有一个交点,那么方程(1)只有唯一解,它的判别式=0,即
(2 + 8b/3)^2 - 4 * 25/9 * (b^2 - 3) = 0
4 * (1 +16b^2 / 9 + 8b/3) - 100b^2/9 + 100/3 = 0
9 +16b^2 + 24b - 25b^2 + 75 = 0
-9b^2 + 24b + 84 = 0
3b^2 - 8b - 28 = 0
(3b - 14)(b + 2 ) = 0
b = 14/3 或者 -2
所以直线方程为 y = -4x/3 + 14/3 或者y = -4x/3 - 2
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3.与双曲线x2/9-y2/16=1有共同的渐线,且经过点(3,-4√2),求双曲线方程
解:
x^2/9 - y^2/16 = 1 的渐近线为 x/3 +- y/4 = 0, y = +- 4x/3
假设所求为 x^2/a^2 - y^2/b^2 = -1,
渐近线为 x^2/a^2 - y^2/b^2 = 0, y/b = +- x/a, y = +- b/a * x
渐近线相同, 所以 4/3 = b/a --------------- (1)
经过点(3,-4√2), 所以
9/a^2 - 32/b^2 = -1 ----------- (2)
(1)(2)联合得
9/a^2 - 32 / [16a^2 / 9] = -1
9 - 32*9/16 = -a^2
9 - 2*9 = -a^2
a = 3
b = 4
所求为 x^2/9 - y^2/16 = -1,
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4.设f(x)=2(log<2>X)^2+2a log<2>(1/x)+b,己知当x=1/2时,f(x)取得最小值为-8,求a-b
解:f(1/2) = 2 * (-1)^2 + 2a * 1 + b = 2 + 2a + b = -8, 2a + b = -10 -------------- (1)
f(x) = 2 (lnx / ln2)^2 + 2a (ln(1/x) / ln2) + b
= 2 (lnx)^2 / (ln2)^2 - 2a (lnx / ln2) + b
f'(x) = 2/(ln2)^2 * 2lnx * 1/x - 2a/ln2 * 1/x = 0
2/(ln2) * lnx - a = 0
x = 1/2
-2 - a = 0, a = -2, 带入(1)得
b = -6
a - b = -2 - (-6) = 4
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5.要得到函数y=3sin(2x-π/3)的图像,只需将函数y=3sin2x的图像
A.向左平动π/3个单位 B. 向右平动π/3个单位 C. 向左平动π/6个单位D. 向右平动π/3个单位
解:
y=3sin(2x-π/3) = 3 * sin[2(x - π/6)]
x = m + π/6 即 m = x - π/6 的时候
y = 3sin(2m) = 3sin(2x)
所以 x 需要向左平动 π/6, 答案为 C