推荐回答(5个)
甜菜
Beta vulgaris;beet
藜科甜菜属二年生草本。又称菾菜。野生甜菜种类多、分布广,其中某些种可作育种用的种质资源。栽培种有4个变种,作制糖原料的为糖用甜菜,作蔬菜或饲料用的为莙荙菜。
甜菜作为糖料作物栽培始于18世纪后半叶,至今仅200年左右历史。现在世界甜菜种植面积约占糖料作物的48%,次于甘蔗而居第二位,分布在北纬65°到南纬45°之间的冷凉地区。生产甜菜的国家有43个,其中俄罗斯、法国、美国、波兰、联邦德国和中国等种植较多,中国大面积引种糖用甜菜始于1906年。先在东北试种 ,1908年建立第一座机制甜菜糖厂后渐向其他地区推广。主产区在北纬40°以北,包括东北、华北、西北3个产区,其中东北种植最多,约占全国甜菜总面积的65%。这些地区都是春播甜菜区,无霜期短、积温较少、日照较长、昼夜温差较大,甜菜的单产和含糖率高、病害轻。
甜菜根系属直根系,由主根肥大而形成的肉质块根,以楔形、圆锥形、纺锤形和锤形为主。块根分为根头、根颈和根体3部分。含糖量以根头最低,根颈较高,根体最高。叶为单叶,由根头顶端的叶芽长出,以螺旋式排列丛生于根头上,有叶柄,叶片变异大。
种株第2年进入生殖生长阶段。花枝基部呈圆柱状;顶端为三棱或多棱肋骨状。植株按花枝形态可分单枝型、混合枝型和多枝型3种。两性花,通常由3~5朵花聚生于花枝上。开花后形成聚花果。甜菜的种球是坚果和蒴果的中间类型。种子呈肾形,较扁平。
生长第一年主要是营养生长,可分为幼苗、叶丛繁茂、块根糖分增长和糖分积累4个时期 。生长第二年主要是生殖生长,可分为叶丛、抽薹、开花和种子形成4个时期。甜菜为喜温作物,但耐寒性较强。
块根达到工艺成熟期时收获。收获过早时块根重量和含糖量不高,降低出糖率;过迟则在北方易受霜冻与冻融影响,降低块根工艺品质,不耐贮藏。一般以秋季平均气温达5℃时为开始收获适期,霜冻前收完。
小时候奶奶给在灶火里面烤过一次甜菜,很好吃,回忆啊,小时候就吃过那么一次,但是永远都忘不了
甜菜叶子是饲料,喂猪吃的,^_^
甜菜根部很甜,可以榨糖。小时候在东北,用甜菜熬糖稀,美好的回忆......
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