苏教版初一英语语法总结能不能给我一份 初一上册英语

一、初一英语语法——词法 1、名词
A）、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下：一）在后面加s.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es
如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如：day-days,
boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）.如：radios, photos,
但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿,
potatoes马铃薯五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s).如：knife-knives, wife-wives,
half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数,没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes,
socks 八）单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局,警察, class班,同学,
family家,家庭成员九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词.如：action movie-action movies, pen
pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数.如：man doctor-men doctors,
woman teacher-women teachers 十）有的单复数意思不同.如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸
papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水
oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数,
chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s.如：Is (I’s), Ks
(K’s).但如是缩略词则只加s.如：IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men,
woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen,
Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式.构成如下：一）单数在后面加’s.如：brother’s, Mike’s,
teacher’s 二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理.如：Teachers’ Day教师节,
classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s
Day三八节三）由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理.如：Mike and
Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间）,Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间） 2、代词项目 人称代词
物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our
ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours
yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it
it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those
themselves 3、动词 A）
第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下：一）一般在词后加s.如：comes, spells, waits,
talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es.如：watches, washes,
wishes, finishes 三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es.如：study-studies, hurry-hurries,
try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s.如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es.如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B）
现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下：一）一般在后加ing.如：spell-spelling,
sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying,
watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing.如：dance-dancing,
wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing,
have-having 三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing,
draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing.如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,
let-letting, begin-beginning 四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing.如：tie-tying系 die-dying死
lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式.构成如下：一）
一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st).如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest,
taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er
/est.如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）
以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est.如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest,
friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly),
busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四）特殊情况：(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well-better best,many/much-more most,bad/ill-worse
worst,little-less least,old-older/elder
oldest/eldest,far-farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词
(基变序,有规则；一、二、三,自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去.) first, second,
third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth,
hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very
young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring some
things to school. (情态动词) e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate
doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There
isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.) 2. 祈使句 肯定祈使句 a) Please go and
ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句 a) Don’t
be late. b) Don’t hurry. 3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I
help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she
reading? 肯定回答 a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes,
they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No,
she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table
big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 1 问年龄 How old is Lucy?
She is twelve. 2 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action
movies and comedies. 3 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 4 问方式
How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail
address is cindyjones@163.com. 5 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? 6
问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want
to go? Let’s go at 7:00. 7 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the
table. 8 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your
favourite color? It’s black. 9 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is
the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who
are Lisa and Tim talking to? 10 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a
pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some
broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name?
Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s
Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do
you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big
D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码
What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing?
He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your
father? He’s a doctor. 三、初一英语语法——时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词：I can
play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes?
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina
have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are
you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a
letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re
listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They
aren’t listening to the pop music. 回答者： Demo_sa | 一级 | 2010-4-24 15:53
一. 词汇 ⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中",
"在……内".例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the
classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上".例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on
the blackboard 在黑板上 3). under表示"在……下".例如： under the tree 在树下 under the
chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面".例如： behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后 5). near表示"在……附近".例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处".例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the
door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的".例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of
China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物.冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种.不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an.a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a
book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个. This is a
cat. 这是一只猫. It's an English book. 这是一本英语书. His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人. the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物. Who's
the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀? ------ What can you see in the
classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's
on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀? ------ 我能看见一个书包. ------ 书包在哪呀? ------
在桌子上. 3.some和any ①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the
desk.桌子上有一些书. Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书. ②在疑问句和否定句中用any.例如： Is
there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗? Do you have any brothers and
sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗? There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水. ⑵记住它们的特殊用法.
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到.例如： Would you like to
have some apples?你想吃苹果吗? ②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的".例如： Any one of us can do
this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个. some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法. 4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is
；如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are. My family is a big family.
我的家庭是个大家庭. My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家.
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员.home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点.
house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身. His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人. My home
is in Beijing. 我的家在北京. He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家. It's a picture of
my family. 这是一张我全家的照片. 5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy
一个小男孩.little常用来修饰有生命的名词. *但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词. There is little
time. 几乎没时间了. There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少. ⑵ 词组 on the desk
在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box
在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the
picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐 this way 这边走 二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family. 2.
Go and see. I think it's Li Lei. 3. Glad to meet you. 4. What can you
see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books. 5. Can you see an
orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong
Kong. 7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看. see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见".例如： 8. Please
have a seat. seat表示"座位",是个名词.have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit
down的意思相同. 三. 语法 1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的".一般有以下几种形式： （1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s".例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友 （2）.
如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'".例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏 （3）.
如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s".例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节 （4）.
表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上.例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and
Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸 动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示. a
map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family
我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门