[化学-选修3:物质结构与性质](1)锌是一种重要的金属,锌及其化合物有着广泛的应用.①指出锌元素在周

2025-04-05 19:45:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①Zn的原子序数是30,在第四周期,ⅡB 族,ds 区,故答案为:四周期;第ⅡB族;ds区;
②根据N的价层电子对数目为

5+3
2
=4,所以N按sp3方式杂化,根据原子构造原理可写出N原子核外电子排布式为:s22s22p3,故答案为:sp3杂化;1s22s22p3;③根据均摊法可知晶胞中含有X原子的个数为8×
1
8
+6×
1
2
=4,含有Zn原子个数为4,所以化学式为ZnX,根据晶体的结构可知该晶体是由原子通过共价键作用而形成的晶体,是原子晶体,所以它的熔点比干冰(分子晶体)高得多,故答案为:ZnX; 该晶体为原子晶体;
(2)①尽管C60中C-C键的键能可能大于金刚石,但其熔化时并不破坏化学键,因此比较键能没有意义,
故答案:不正确,C60是分子晶体,熔化时不需破坏化学键;  
②在晶胞中,每个面上有两个钾原子,每个顶点上和体心有一个C60,根据均摊法可知K原子个数为6×
1
2
=6,C60分子的个数比为8×
1
8
+1=2;所以K原子个数为和C60分子的个数比为6:2=3:1,故答案:3:1;
③同一周期,从左到右,电负性逐渐增大,同一主族,从上到下,电负性逐渐减小,因此,原子电负性由大到小的顺序是:N>C>Si,根据题意,每个硅形成的这3个键中,必然有1个双键,这样每个硅原子最外层才满足8电子稳定结构.显然,双键数应该是Si原子数的一半,而每个双键有1个π键,显然π键数目为30.
故答案:N>C>Si;30.

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