有关南阳武侯祠的资料

如题资料加上故事
2025-02-27 01:09:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  南阳武侯祠
  南阳武侯祠,又名诸葛庵,位于南阳市西南的卧龙岗上。它是古人为纪念三国时著名政治家、思想家、军事家诸葛亮而修建的一所祠堂。

  南阳武侯祠建于何时,文献上没有记载,但唐代诗人刘禹锡的《陋室铭》中已有“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭”的诗句。看来早在唐代卧龙岗上已有诸葛草庐了。该祠元初毁于战火。元大德二年(1298年)南阳官府出资大规模重建,于延佑二年(1315年)增设孔明书院。可惜,元末明初,又焚于兵祸。至明成化年间,又将“孔明书院”恢复。以后又经弘治、正德、嘉靖、隆庆、万历、崇祯历代修缮。公元1528年,明世熄(嘉庆皇帝)特赐给南阳武侯祠“忠武”庙额与祭品。清康熙五十一年(1712年),南阳郡守罗景又进行了一次大规模的整修和扩建。在这次施工中,发现前人咏卧龙岗十景石刻一块,罗景根据这块石刻,进行复原。今日武侯祠主要建筑布局,仍保持了明末清初的形式。

  步入武侯词山门,迎面是大拜殿,殿中彩塑诸葛亮及其儿子诸葛瞻、孙子诸葛尚的大型泥塑像。大殿前侧为明代碑廊,镶嵌有岳飞书写的前后《出师表》石刻。祠后部分建筑主要有诸葛茅庐、野云庵、古柏亭、伴月台、宁远楼等。

  诸葛草庐,亦称诸葛庵,现今的茅庐系砖木结构,八角挑檐,外围有八角回廊,屋顶覆盖茅草。茅庐正门上悬挂郭沫若书的“诸葛草庐”匾额。

  野云庵,进深三间,门两侧砖刻“云归大汉随舒巷,门对寒流自古今”对联。其外装饰以苍松、仙鹤砖雕。躬耕亭,结构简单,形制简陋。前有两根圆木支撑亭檐,后砌以砖墙,亭内立诸葛武侯石刻像。像两边刻有“庵垂两千问魏阙吴宫安在,人居三代下比商伊周品何如”的对联。

  伴月台,高数丈,台下为老龙洞,洞门两侧石刻“自古宇庙垂名布衣有几,能使山川生色陋室何妨”对联。武侯祠右侧有清同治年间新增设的庭院,这是为纪念刘备三顾茅庐而特意修建的。庭院后面建有三顾堂,内有刘备、诸葛亮大型塑像。

  武侯祠现存大量的碑刻题记,约300余石,篆、隶、楷、草皆有。其中篆书《汉诸葛孔明旧庐指道碑萌》,隶书《草庐对》,楷书《诸葛传》,草书《出师表》等,在书法艺术一和雕刻技术上都有相当高的造诣,是研究我国书法艺术的宝贵资料。

  南阳武侯祠在唐代已名扬天下。诗人刘禹锡在《陋室铭》中赞美“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭,孔子云:‘何陋之有’。”胡鲁《南阳》云:“孔明方此乐耕锄”,诗圣杜甫《武侯庙》云:“犹闻辞后主,不复卧南阳”,诗仙李白《南都行》“谁识卧龙客,长吟愁鬓斑”。“岳少保书武侯出师二表”碑刻草书,风骨神秀,洋洋洒洒,峭拔苍劲,龙飞蛇腾。岳飞在“跋”中写道:“绍兴戊午秋八月望前,过南阳,谒武侯祠,遇雨,遂宿于祠内。更深秉烛,细观壁间昔贤所赞先生文祠、诗赋及祠前石刻二表,不觉泪下如雨。是夜,竟不成眠,坐以待旦。道士献茶毕,出纸索字,挥涕走笔,不计工拙,稍舒胸中抑郁耳。岳飞并识。”

  祠内有歌颂诸葛亮历史功绩的对联:

  定三分,烧博望,出祁山,大名不朽

  气周瑜,摒司马,擒孟获,古今流传

  南阳武侯祠据说是其中影响最大之一。全国最早的武侯祠在陕西汉中的勉县,勉县武侯祠乃天下第一武侯祠。

  襄阳隆中同样有“三顾茅庐”一说,难以定论。大家可以看。

  http://baike.baidu.com/view/42416.htm

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