推荐回答(2个)
您这些问题有很多是与贴子(目)相关的,我先稍微解释一下贴子(目)的问题。
贴子(目)最简单的根据就是黑方的先行子效。因为先行方(黑方)可以率先行棋布阵,优先抢占有利地形的好处是显见的。现代围棋日本规则是起源,我们以贴目来说明。在不贴目的年代,棋手公认的黑棋有利。所以为了公平起见,就提出了“黑先贴目”的概念。为什么会带“半目”呢?是因为不贴目,和贴整数目数,都有可能出现和棋,即计算最后目数,双方相等。贴目就是终局比较双方目数的时候,黑棋为盘面目数,白棋为盘面目数+贴目。比方说贴6目半的棋局,终局时假设黑方盘面60目,白方盘面55目,(这里只是假设,因为每盘棋的结果都不一样,双方可能目数都很少,或者都很多,视棋局差异),那么在不贴目的年代,这盘棋是黑胜5目(60-55=5);在贴5目半的年代,是白胜半目(60-55-5.5=-0.5);在现行的贴6目半的规则下,白胜1目半(60-55-6.5=-1.5)。
接下来你的问题里1、2、4、5就很容易了。1.分先就是双方棋份平等,先下一方要贴子(目)。2.让先,与分先相对应,就是先下一方不贴子(目),通常是低手(后者后辈——表示自谦)一方执黑。4.贴子和贴目的区别是贴子是中国规则使用,现行的规则是贴3又3/4子,相当于7目半。看起来n子=2n目。这是因为中国规则计算胜负,是计算与标准的偏差;日韩规则中,是计算双方的差距。最简单的比喻:三个苹果,我们来分。你拿两个,我一个。这种情况,在中国规则中,认为你(比每人1个半的标准)拿多了半个,即胜半子;在日韩规则中,认为你(比我)拿多了1个,即胜一目。所以给人以“一子两目”的误解,其实,子和目是等大价值的概念。5.中国规则使用贴子,日韩规则使用贴目。
3.就是大块的棋。通常涉及死活。活了就成功,死了通常会说“大龙愤死”。6.是在棋局未终局,注意这里只是棋局未终局就可以,哪怕进行到小官子阶段,但是还没有开始计算胜负,有一方确认局面已不可挽回,放弃,这时候棋局出现中盘胜。
1、分先就是水平相当的棋手互不相让、公平地对弈。不是一个档次的棋手,为了减小差距,就要通过让先、甚至让子的方式。
2、所谓让先(或让子),是指高手(上手)让低手(下手)先在棋盘上下一子(或多子),终局时却不要下手还子(或只还让子数的一半)。(若是平手,分先下,先下占优。若双方均发挥正常,终局时,先下一方会多出3、4个子。而被让子则优势更大,如平手让三子,终局时,被让方会比对方多出约20子。)
3、所谓“大龙”,是指联络在一起的大片棋子,而且通常没有安定下来,甚至处境艰难(孤军奋战、敌众我寡、四面楚歌、岌岌可危),会成为对手的攻击目标。
4、所谓“贴子”,就是终局时,一方把自己的地域割舍一点给对方,也就是还若干个棋子给对方,以取得平衡。如,高手与低手开局平下,终局时,高手还给低手若干子,以缩小水平的差距。
5、数子、算目和计点,分别对应于中、日、韩三国的比赛规则,说法虽不同,但本质是一样的。
6、你说的完全正确。中盘认输(或借故下台),通常是因为发挥失常、差距太大,甚至“大龙被屠”,极度难堪。士可杀不可辱,与其受折磨,不如认输了事。等状态好时,待从头,收拾旧河山。只要斗志仍在,爽快认输,倒是英雄!
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