谁知道《资治通鉴》里的历史小故事
请推荐几个《资治通鉴》里的历史故事
推荐回答(4个)
1.预让漆身吞炭
春秋后期,有个叫豫让的人,在晋国的大夫范氏和中行氏那里做家臣,由于得不到主人的赏识,投靠到另一个大夫智伯的门下。智伯非常高兴,尊豫让为上宾,宾主朝夕相处,竟亲如手足。凡遇有要事,智伯皆请教豫让,与之商讨,豫让十分感激智伯的知遇之恩。
韩、赵、魏打败智家,瓜分了智伯的土地。赵襄子杀了智伯,仍不解心头之恨,又把智伯的颅骨用漆漆好,做成饮酒用的酒器。智伯的家臣豫让一心想为主公报仇。不久,豫让听说赵襄子正在大兴土木,修建宫殿,于是他身藏匕首,改名换姓,装扮成被判刑而服苦役的囚犯,混入赵襄子内宫中去修建厕所,准备刺杀赵襄子。一日,赵襄子到厕所内解手,见有生人,便警觉起来,令手下抓住了豫让。赵襄子左右的人极为愤怒,纷纷拔剑扬刀要杀掉豫让,赵襄子说道:“豫让乃义气之士,我只需小心避开就是了。智伯已死,没有后代,家臣要替他报仇,这是忠烈之举。”于是就把豫让放了。豫让并不感激赵襄子不杀之情,相反更加坚定刺杀赵襄子为智伯报仇的决心。为了防止被赵襄子的人认出自己,他用生漆涂满全身,让浑身皮肤肿烂,毛发脱落;又吞下烧红的木炭,使声音变哑,其间所忍受的痛苦是常人难以想像的。一日,豫让在街市行乞,与其妻相遇,连他的妻子都不知他是何人,还施舍给他几件钱物。有一次,他的一个密友与他相遇在城内的小巷之中,朋友试探地问道:“你不是豫让吗?”豫让回答:“正是。”朋友见他蓬头垢面,衣衫褴褛,非常难过,禁不住泪水直淌。朋友劝他说:“凭你之才,若托身投靠赵襄子门下,定能受到信任和重用,到那时再为智伯报仇,岂不易如反掌?何苦摧残自己呢?”豫让说:“托身投诚,再伺机刺杀,那是怀着不忠不烈的思想去侍奉自己的主人。我之所以漆身吞炭,寻求报仇的机会,是为了使后世那些对主人怀有二心的人感到羞愧。”
豫让一直密切注视赵襄子的行踪。终于有一天,他打听到赵襄子外出的去向,便事先埋伏在赵襄子所要途经的桥下。谁知赵襄子的车马到了桥边,马匹突然嘶叫惊跳。赵襄子十分奇怪,立即令手下四处搜查,果然,发现桥洞下有个乞丐。赵襄子说:“此人必是豫让。”派人去查问,果然不错。于是赵襄子令士卒将他从桥洞里抓了上来,把他杀了。
2.吴起杀妻拜将
吴起本是卫国人。青少年时代,他散尽家财,拜师学艺,学成了一身好武艺。后来,他又向孔子的高徒曾子学习治理国家的本领。
吴起成年后,在鲁国做了官。不久,强大的齐国发兵进攻鲁国,鲁国君臣上下一片恐慌,无计退敌。吴起见状,对鲁君说:“主公,小将不才,愿率军退敌,保家卫国。”鲁君一听大喜,要拜吴起为将。这时,一个大臣对鲁君说:“主公,此事万万不可。吴起的妻子是齐国人,他怎能为鲁国尽忠呢?”鲁君一听这话,又犹豫起来。吴起在家,迟迟不见鲁君的拜将命令,心中焦急不安。眼见大敌当前,他恨不得插上双翅,飞上战场,杀敌立功。这时,有个朋友来访,对他说:“贤弟,有人在国君面前说你娶齐国女人为妻,不可能为鲁国卖力。因此国君不会拜你为将。”吴起听了这话,不禁怒火万丈。他想:做人太难了,有些事情真是说不清楚,干脆,不如快刀斩乱麻吧。想到这里,他手执钢刀,奔入后堂,一刀将妻子的头颅砍了下来。妻子还不知道是怎么回事,就已做了刀下之鬼。吴起提着妻子的头颅去见鲁君。鲁君吓了一跳,无话可说,只得拜吴起为将,让他率军杀敌。
吴起到了前线,指挥若定,一举打败了齐军,大获全胜。捷报传到鲁国都城,嫉妒吴起的人对鲁君说:“吴起杀妻求将,居心叵测,不可不防啊。”鲁君是个没主意的人,听了这话,不但没有重赏吴起,反而冷落了他。吴起不顾生命危险,亲冒矢石,打退了齐兵,反而落得这样的下场。他实在咽不下这口气,便离开鲁国,来到魏国,投奔魏文侯魏斯。
魏文侯听说吴起求见,问谋士李克道:“吴起为人如何?”李克回答说:“吴起为人,就一心想着立功扬名。但他善于用兵,春秋时代的兵家司马穰苴也不如他。”魏文侯一听,心中大喜,立即接见吴起。魏文侯在交谈中,发现吴起胸怀大志,腹有良谋,英姿飒爽,言语豁达,不由得喜上加喜,立即封吴起为大将,让他去镇守西河。
西河在黄河之西,与秦国接壤,经常受到秦国的攻击。吴起到西河后,修筑城墙,加强防守,训练士兵,主动出击。他不但防止了秦国的东侵,还打到秦国的内地去,占领了秦国的五座城池。从此,秦国再也不敢打西河的主意鲁侯鼎战国兵士了。吴起打败秦军,使魏国的地位大大地提高了。
吴起不但善于用兵,而且善于带兵。他与战士同甘共苦,睡觉不铺席子,行军不骑马,和士兵一样背粮草。战士有病时,他总是亲自为战士尝药。一天,一个战士身上长了痈,吴起前来探病,亲自用嘴为他吸脓血。这个战士的母亲听说后,伤心地哭了起来。邻人问她说:“吴将军关心你的儿子,你应该高兴才是,为什么要哭呢?”战士的母亲说:“过去,吴将军曾为他父亲吸脓血。他父亲感动不已,打仗时拼命冲杀,死在战场上。如今吴将军又为他吸脓血,我真不知道他又会死在哪里!”
长平之战,亮帅诸军入寇,太多了 不便一一列举了,有空还是自己看的好
长平之战,亮帅诸军入寇,预让漆身吞炭,吴起杀妻拜将
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