推荐回答(5个)
(x₁-a)(x-a)+(y₁-b)(y-b)=r²。(a,b)是圆上的一点。
推导:
若点M
在圆
上,则过点M的切线方程为
或表述为:若点M
在圆
上,
则过点M的切线方程为
若已知点M
在圆
外,则切点AB的直线方程也为
。

扩展资料:
切线方程是研究切线以及切线的斜率方程,涉及几何、代数、物理向量、量子力学等内容。是关于几何图形的切线坐标向量关系的研究。分析方法有向量法和解析法。
向量法证明:
设圆上一点A为
,则该点与圆心O的向量
因为过该点的切线与该方向半径垂直,则有切线方向上的单位向量与向量OA的点积为0.
设直线上任意点B为(x,y)则对于直线方向上的向量
有向量AB与OA的点积



故有
参考资料:百度百科---切线方程
设圆的方程为(x-a)²+(y-b)²=R²圆上有一点(x,y)
则:当切线斜率存在时,对圆方程两边求导、整理可得切线的斜率为-(x₁-a)/(y₁-b).
∵切线过(x₁,y₁),
∴切线为y-y₁=-(x₁-a)(x-x₁)/(y₁-b).//这里,+改为-
整理得(x-a)(x-x₁)+(y₁-b)(y-y₁)=0,①
而(x₁-a)²+(y₁-b)²=r²,②
①②两式整理得切线方程(x₁-a)(x-a)+(y₁-b)(y-b)=r².
当切线斜率不存在时,易证其方程仍满足上式.
如下图:

拓展资料:
切线方程是研究切线以及切线的斜率方程,涉及几何、代数、物理向量、量子力学等内容。是关于几何图形的切线坐标向量关系的研究。
分析方法有向量法和解析法。
下面介绍以下向量法。
向量法
设圆上一点A为

,则该点与圆心O的向量

因为过该点的切线与该方向半径垂直,则有切线方向上的单位向量与向量OA的点积为0.
设直线上任意点B为(x,y)
则对于直线方向上的向量

有向量AB与OA的点积



故有:

参考资料:
百度百科--切线方程
在圆上的切线公式为:

推导过程为:

则可得切线公式:

扩展资料:
1、几何上,切线指的是一条刚好触碰到曲线上某一点的直线。更准确地说,当切线经过曲线上的某点(即切点)时,切线的方向与曲线上该点的方向是相同的。平面几何中,将和圆只有一个公共交点的直线叫做圆的切线。
2、圆的切线,垂直于过其切点的半径;经过半径的非圆心一端,并且垂直于这条半径的直线,就是这个圆的一条切线。
参考资料:百度百科_切线方程
百度百科_切线
设圆方程为(x-a)²+(y-b)²=r²,则过圆上任一点(x₁,y₁)的切线方程为(x₁-a)(x-a)+(y₁-b)(y-b)=r².
如下图:

拓展回答:
圆的标准方程(x-a)²+(y-b)²=r²中,有三个参数a、b、r,即圆心坐标为(a,b),只要求出a、b、r,这时圆的方程就被确定,因此确定圆方程,须三个独立条件,其中圆心坐标是圆的定位条件,半径是圆的定形条件。
方程:指含有未知数的等式。是表示两个数学式之间相等关系的一种等式,使等式成立的未知数的值称为“解”或“根”。求方程的解的过程称为“解方程”。
通过方程求解可以免去逆向思考的不易,直接正向列出含有欲求解的量的等式即可。方程具有多种形式,如一元一次方程、二元一次方程、一元二次方程等等,还可组成方程组求解多个未知数。
参考资料:百度百科 方程
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