急求日本京都的英文介绍

Kyoto (kyō'tō) , city (1990 pop. 1,461,140), capital of Kyoto prefecture, S Honshu, Japan, on the Kamo River. Yodo is its port. Kyoto is one of Japan's largest cities and an important cultural and spiritual center. It is a key city in Japan's transportation system, and it is a major center of tourism. Industries, which are mainly traditional, include machines, chemicals, textiles, and food processing. The city is famous for its cloisonné, bronzes, damascene work, porcelain, and lacquer ware, and its renowned silk industry dates from 794. Founded in the 8th cent. as Uda and named Heian-kyo when it became Japan's capital in 794, the city was popularly called Miyako or Kyoto (sometimes Kioto). After 1192 it lost its political power to Tokyo; but since 1868, when the latter became the official capital, Kyoto has often been referred to as Saikyo [western capital]. For centuries it has been the cultural heart of Japan; it contains magnificent art treasures and is the seat of Kyoto Univ., Doshisha Univ. (founded in 1873 as an American mission college), and other higher educational institutions. The Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, the Kyoto National Museum, and an excellent concert hall are also there. Rich in historic interest, Kyoto is the site of the tombs of many famous Japanese; the old imperial palace as well as Nijo Castle (former palace of the shoguns), with their fine parks and gardens, are also in the city. In addition, Kyoto is a religious center, noted especially for its ancient Buddhist temples, its Heian shrine (a Shinto holy place), and its 59-ft (18-m) statue (daibutsu) of Buddha.
Kyoto prefecture (1990 pop. 2,602,520), 1,784 sq mi (4,621 sq km), is covered predominantly by the Tamba Mountains, and is centered principally in the region of the city of Kyoto. It had the largest industrial production of any prefecture in Japan until World War II. Other important cities include Uji, Fukuchiyama, and Maizuru.

Culture
Kyoto is considered the cultural center of Japan. During World War II when firebombing was conducted throughout the country, Kyoto and its 1600 Buddhist temples, 400 Shinto shrines, palaces, gardens and architecture were spared, leaving it one of the best preserved cities in Japan. The Kyoto area has some of the most famous temples, shrines, palaces and gardens in Japan, including:

Kiyomizu-dera, a magnificent wooden temple supported by pillars off the slope of a mountain;
Kinkaku-ji, the Golden Pavilion;
Ginkaku-ji, the Silver Pavilion;
Heian Jingu, a Shinto shrine celebrating the Imperial family (built in 1895)
Ryoan-ji, famous for its rock garden
Kyoto Imperial Palace, home of the Emperors of Japan for many centuries;
Katsura Imperial Villa, one of Japan's finest architectural treasures;
Shugaku-in Imperial Villa, one of Japan's best Japanese gardens
Other notable sites in and around Kyoto include Arashiyama and its picturesque lake, the Gion and Pontochō geisha quarters, the Philosopher's Walk, and the canals which line some of the older streets.

The "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto" are listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. These include the Kamo Shrines (Kami and Shimo), Kyō-ō-Gokokuji (Tōji), Kiyomizu-dera, Daigo-ji, Ninna-ji, Saihō-ji (Kokedera), Tenryū-ji, Rokuon-ji (Kinkaku-ji), Jishō-ji (Ginkaku-ji), Ryōan-ji, Hongan-ji, Kōzan-ji and the Nijo Castle. Other sites outside the city are also on the list.

Kyoto is renowned for its abundance of delicious ethnic foods and cuisine. The history of Kyoto have allowed to retain a variety of vegetables.

Economy
Tourism forms a large base of Kyoto's economy. The city's cultural heritages are constantly visited by school groups from across Japan, and many foreign tourists also stop in Kyoto.

The city's industry is mainly comprised of small plants, most of which are run by artisans who produce traditional Japanese crafts. Kyoto's kimono weavers are particularly renowned, and the city remains the premier center of kimono manufacturing. Such businesses, vibrant in past centuries, have declined in recent years as sales of traditional goods stagnate.

Kyoto's only sizable heavy industry is electronics: the city is home to the headquarters of Nintendo, as well as the headquarters of OMRON, Kyocera (Kyoto Ceramic) and Murata Machinery. The apparel giant Wacoal also operates in Kyoto. However, the growth of high-tech industry has not outpaced the decline in traditional industry, and as a result, Kyoto's total output has declined relative to other cities in Japan.

Campus Plaza KyotoKyoto used to be known as Japan's Hollywood with Toei Uzumasa Eigamura. [1] The Eigamura (also known as Kyoto Studio Park and Toei Movie Land) is also called the "Hollywood of Japan." Many Japanese period movies were shot here. Like Universal Studios, Eigamura is a film set and theme park in one. It features traditional Japanese buildings replica which are used as setting for period movies and TV dramas. Including a replica of the old Nihonbashi Bridge, a traditional court house, a Meiji Period police box and part of the former Yoshiwara red light district. Actual film shooting takes place occasionally, and park visitors are welcome to observe the action.

Other attractions include various performances, a haunted house, a large souvenir shop and exhibitions about popular TV series. Dress up and get photographed service is also available. The choice ranging over 30 attires including samurai, shinsengumi, geisha and ninja attires. The cost varies from 8500 to 16000 Yen. This is certainly a tourist spot not to be missed. [2]

Colleges and universities
Kyoto is known as one of the academic centers of the country, and is home to thirty-seven institutions of higher education. The three largest and best-known local universities are Doshisha University, Kyoto University, and Ritsumeikan University. Among them, Kyoto University is considered to be one of the top universities in Japan, with several Nobel laureates, for example Yukawa Hideki.

Kyoto also has a unique higher education network called the Consortium of Universities in Kyoto, which consists of 3 national, 5 public (prefectural and municipal), and 41 private universities, as well as the city and 4 other organizations. The consortium does not offer a degree; hence is not a federal body like University of London, but offers the courses as part of a degree at participating universities.

The interior of Sanzen'in
Kawaramachi district during Gion Festival
Transportation
The Tōkaidō Shinkansen provides passenger rail service linking Kyoto with Nagoya and Tokyo (in one direction) and with nearby Osaka and points west (in the other direction). The trip from Tokyo takes just over two hours. Another way to access Kyoto is via Kansai International Airport. The Haruka Express carries passengers from the airport to Kyoto Station in 72 minutes. There is also frequent service on JR, Keihan Railway, Hankyu Railway, Kintetsu, and other lines to other cities in the Kansai region.

Kyoto's municipal bus network and subway system (see Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau) are extensive. Private carriers also operate within the city. Many tourists join commuters on the public buses, or take taxis or tour buses.

Cycling forms a very important form of personal transportation in the city, to an extent that bicycle culture can be considered a part of Kyoto's urban identity. The geography and scale of the city are such that the city may be easily navigated on a bicycle.

The streets of central Kyoto form a grid. Many large east-west avenues have numbers. Kyoto Station lies between Shichijo and Hachijo (shichi means "seven" and hachi means "eight). Major north-south roads have names such as Karasuma and Horikawa. Kyoto Station is on Karasuma, and the subway system's Karasuma Line follows that street north and south from the station, with stops at many numbered avenues, and also at Imadegawa (a major street). The other line, the Tozai Line, runs east-west partly under Oike Street.

Festivals
Aoi Matsuri - 15 May
Gion Matsuri - June-July, culminating in a massive parade on 17 July
Gozan Okuribi - 16 August
Jidai Matsuri - 22 October

Sports
In football (soccer), Kyoto is represented by Kyoto Purple Sanga who rose to J. League's Division 1 in 2005. With the popularity of the nearby Hanshin Tigers, Kyoto has never had a team in Japanese professional baseball, though the Tigers play several neutral-site games at Kyoto's Nishi Kyogoku stadium every year.

Additionally, Kyoto's high school baseball teams are strong, with Heian and Toba in particular making strong showings recently at the annual tournament held in Koshien Stadium, Nishinomiya, near Osaka.

Kyoto is in the world the famous cultural ancient capital, localhistorical historical site multitudinous, building plain elegant, thegarden fresh is pretty. The whole city has lists as " Nationaltreasure " Building 38, decide as the important cultural relicbuilding 199. Because continues the unceasing fire, has burned downthe capital complete area, today faintly visible Kyoto area someremnantly extend the building to be allowed to trace farther 17thcentury. However, the suburb piedmont hillock and the periphery hillhave the representative each time earliest construction and thegarden, for example, constructs at the A.D. 952 years five pagodas.
Kyoto imperial is Japan's old imperial palace, also calls ImperialPalace. Moved the capital from Nara to in Meiji Restoration 1074, italways was all previous dynasties emperor of Japan's residence, latterhas become emperor of Japan's temporary palace. The Kyoto imperialpalace is located Kyoto to go to the capital the area. Around is burnt7 times, the present imperial palace reconstructs for the filial pietybright emperor of Japan, the area 110,000 square meters, all aroundare the fences, in has the famous family 9, the main hall 10, hall 19,in the palace courtyard the pine and cypress alternates with, MeiYinghu reflects.
Evenly calms the nerves the palace, moved the capital in 1100 in 1895for the Huan military emperor of Japan to construct, the palaceimitated the safe dynasty imperial palace main hall deliberation hallcourtyard construction. The building grand is grand, for Meiji timegarden construction representative. Its main hall covers for theglazed tile, looks out into the distance the house, resplendent ingold and jade green. In the god palace winding corridor garden, iscomposed by four cardinal points four parks, middle has the whitetiger pond, roosts the phoenix pond, the black dragon pond. In thepalace in the lake pavilion Chinese style pavilion, all is imitatesthe Chinese Xi'an temple the structure.
Two cities, initially constructed in 1603. It splendid and simpleImperial Palace exactly has the sharp contrast. The castle to themegalith makes the city wall, periphery has the thing length 500meters, the north and south length 300 meters moats, the river bankhas imitates Tang to construct. Initially for 德川 family Kang toKyoto's staying at place, latter because 德川 celebrates happypresents also the big decision in the here resolution to bewell-known. In 1886 became emperor of Japan's temporary palace, in1939 belonged to the Beijing major city. The main construction has thepill imperial palace, two pills imperial palaces and so on. In thepalace wall and 隔扇 on has the famous painting which 狩 the wildfaction artist draws.
Is called " A three steps of temple, seven steps of shrine "Kyoto has the Buddhist temple more than 1,500 places, the shrine morethan 2,000 places, here is the Japanese culture art cradle, Buddhism'scenter.
Jin Gesi, originally the villa which 恭 passes through for the XiYuan temple, latter gives the foot favorable righteousness to be full.Full advantage righteousness Man Sihou, changes the imperialsacrifices temple according to the last words, names the deer parktemple. Jin Gesi is three, the 23rd outer wall pastes with the goldfoil, looks by far, glittering. 3 building store heights Jin Gesi,each all is symbolizing the different time style: 1st is the safetime, 2nd is the Kamakura time, 3rd is the zen Buddhist temple hall'sstyle. The tower goes against the rear part to decorate a goldencopper 合铸 phoenix, mays be called one certainly. The silverChinese style pavilion temple is located east Kyoto the piedmont, in1482 by the full advantage righteousness politics deposit Chinesestyle pavilion temple modelling construction, shared the honor withJin Gesi. The silver Chinese style pavilion temple originally also isa villa, constructs when once planned the outside wall decoration bythe silver leaf, when constructed completed has not covered the silverleaf, changed name kindly illuminates the temple, the popular namesilver Chinese style pavilion temple.
The German temple, constructed in 1319. 大灯 the country teachersfor the founder, latter are burnt after the chaos caused by war. Afterfamous as soon as rests the master (to be intelligent as soon asrests) passes through for several dozens years to drift the cloth toteach, by 80 year-old advanced age no matter what the German templemanagement, has reconstructed the German temple. Until now the Germantemple also preserves as soon as is resting the master to lose theink.
The clear water temple is situated in the Dongshan piedmont, founds in798 years, latter reconstructed by 德川 family General Kang in 1633.The clear water temple in the sound feather mountain halfway up themountainside, according to Shan Erjian, the main hall (this hall)constructs nearby the cliff. The front part is hanging " Stage" Under supports by 139 big logs, height 15 meters.

Tokyo is Japan's capital and the country's largest city.

Tokyo is also one of Japan's 47 prefectures, but is called a metropolis (to) rather than a prefecture (ken). The metropolis of Tokyo consists of 23 city wards (ku), 26 cities, 5 towns and 8 villages, including the Izu and Ogasawara Islands, several small Pacific Islands in the south of Japan's main island Honshu.

The 23 city wards (ku) are the center of Tokyo and make up about one third of the metropolis' area, while housing roughly eight of Tokyo's approximately twelve million residents.

Prior to 1868, Tokyo was known as Edo. A small castle town in the 16th century, Edo became Japan's political center in 1603 when Tokugawa Ieyasu established his feudal government there. A few decades later, Edo had grown into one of the world's most populous cities.

With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the emperor and capital were moved from Kyoto to Edo, which was renamed Tokyo ("Eastern Capital"). Large parts of Tokyo were destroyed in the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 and in the air raids of 1945.

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