推荐回答(5个)
方法如下:
1、低温下,细菌生命活动弱,繁衍能力降低,因此低温一直是保鲜食物的王道。在冬天下雪结冰的低温条件下,天地间就是一个大冰箱了,纯天然保鲜自然没有问题。到了夏天,地下深处会很凉爽,因此可以把食物藏在深层非混凝土窖藏室;若是家里有敞口深水井,可以把食物装在密封容器里,用绳索吊着泡在井水里,也可以打井水进行浸泡,定期换水;若是能泡水的食物,则用冰凉的深井水直接浸泡。
2、至于叶类蔬菜,如果不采取保鲜措施,很容易枯萎老化。蔬菜收获后根部断了,失水会导致加速纤维化老化,为了防止过快老化要给蔬菜补水;此外,蔬菜本身还会新陈代谢,要保鲜就要降低蔬菜的呼吸,而低温是降低呼吸的好方法。不急着食用的蔬菜可以先不清洗,避免清洗过后不耐存,尽量不要去除根部,找一个水桶,把蔬菜根部理整齐,再根部方向朝下竖直放置到桶里(不要放得太密实了,否则容易发黄霉烂),然后向桶里加入一些水,水深3厘米左右即可,菜叶也要均匀洒些水。把桶放置到阴凉不通风的暗处,如果可能,把桶放到凉快的井水里泡着,保存个三几天蔬菜还是鲜嫩的。这种方法只适合有一定耐水能力的蔬菜保鲜。
3、一些丰水且容易失水的瓜果,采摘后常规存放的时间稍长口感和味道即会变差,例如荔枝、西葫芦、水瓜等。对于一类食物的保险,可以先用水润湿瓜果表面,然后装进保鲜袋密封,或是用保鲜膜包裹,再把瓜果存放在阴凉通风处,也可以浸泡在凉水中(注意水不要进入保鲜袋内)。
4、对于鸡鸭鱼猪牛羊等禽畜生鲜肉类,天气炎热时,在没有冰箱等低温条件的情况下,如果不加以处理是难以保存多久的,往往不到一天就发臭。宰杀后或是购买回来后,立即用经过开水消毒后拧干的毛巾擦干肉类表面水分,然后用一块浸泡过浓盐水的湿润密纱布把肉包起来,再把包好的肉放进经过开水消毒的干净容器,然后用盐把肉埋起来,最后密封容器口部。把容器放在阴凉干燥通风处。
上述方法是对付存量大的情况,量少的情况不必用这个方法。如果只是少量存放鲜肉,加盐腌制一下即可。
5、对于熟食的保鲜,可以参考罐头食品和牛奶的巴氏灭菌来达到保鲜效果。找一个能密封口部的容器,用开水进行消毒杀菌,也可以用高温高压消毒(高压锅可以实现)。食物煮熟后,马上装进经过消毒的容器里,然后盖上盖子(不要盖严实),然后进行巴氏消毒,最后晾凉盖严盖子,把容器放在阴凉干燥通风处即可。这样能把熟食保存比较长时间,杀菌一定要彻底,不然容易变坏。
6、如果是野外活动或是野外工作、旅途等外出以及特殊紧急用途的食物保鲜,可以去制冷库购买冰块和泡沫箱,把食物埋在泡沫箱的碎冰里,或是放置在冰面,然后密封泡沫箱,即可实现保鲜。
7、如果购买或使用冰块等不方便,也可以购买化学制冷剂,用化学制冷来制造低温保鲜食物。经营冷库产品的店铺公司或是化工店都有制冷剂卖的,制冷剂有很多,一般用硝石(火硝)或粗盐即可,肥料店里的硝酸钾复合肥也可以用来制冷。具体做法是:把食物装在密封容器里(该容器要耐化学腐蚀),然后再把该容器装到灌注了水的桶或是缸里,然后向桶里加入适量的化学制冷剂,一会就降温甚至结冰了,结冰后把桶放到阴凉处,用布或是草毡子之类的覆盖起来保持恒温。
一些化学制冷剂溶于水后,晒干还能反复用。使用化学制冷剂的时候注意防护人身和物品,以免腐蚀烧伤。化学制冷成本往往比较高,适用于特殊场合和需求,普通家居使用性价比很低。
一般用脸盆装适量(一般是半盆)自来水,然后将食物放在不透水的器皿(如陶瓷碗、硬塑料碗等)里,然后把器皿放到装水的盆子里,最后将盆子放到阴凉通风处(最好不要有灰尘),最好加个防蝇罩,就OK了~~但是储存时间不能太长,一般半天,或者过夜就差不多了,久了就馊了~~
最后,信息无价,认同一下,记得选我的回答作为最佳回答哦~~
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