推荐回答(1个)
1.
★直流电机的感应电动势与哪些因素有关?若一台直流发电机在额定转速下的空载电 动势为 230V (等于额定电压)试问在下列情况下电动势变为多少? 磁通减少 10% ; , (1) (2)励磁电流减少 10% ; (3)转速增加 20%; (4)磁通减少 10%. 答 感应电动势 E = Ce Φn ∝ Φn ,在其它条件不变的情况下,感应电动势 E 与磁通Φ
和转速 n 成正比. (1)Φ减少 10% ,E 亦减少 10% ,为 20V. (2)励磁电流减少 10% ,由于磁路饱和,Φ减少不到 10% ,E 亦减少不到 10% ,因 此 207V
界电阻减小,当临界电阻小于励磁回路电阻时,电机便不能自励. 3. ★一台他励发电机和一台并励发电机,如果其它条件不变,将转速提高 20%,问哪一 台的空载电压提高得更高?为什么? 答 当转速提高时,两者的空载电压都会提高.两者相比较,并励发电机的空载电压
会更高些,因为由 E = Ce Φn 可知,并励发电机的电动势除与转速有关外,其磁场大小也与 感应电动势有关.当转速升高时,不仅有转速升高的原因导致电动势增加,还有因电枢电动 势的增加而使励磁电流磁加, 并导致磁通增加的原因. 这一因素半导致感应电动势进一步增 加. 4. 试述并励直流电动机的调速方法,并说明各种方法的特点. 答 并励直流电动机的调速方法有以下三种:
(1)改变励磁电流调速.这种调速方法方便,在端电压一定时,只要调节励磁回路中的 调节电阻便可改变转速.由于通过调节电阻中的励磁电流不大.故消耗的功率不大,转速变 化平滑均匀, 且范围宽广. 接入并励回路中的调节电阻为零时的转速为最低转速, 故只能 "调 高" ,不能"调低" .改变励磁电流,机械特性的斜率发生变化并上下移动.为使电机在调速 过程中得到充分利用, 在不同转速下都能保持额定负载电流, 此法适用于恒功率负载的调速. (2)改变电枢端电压调速.当励磁电流不变时,只要改变电枢端电压,即可改变电动机
的转速,提高电枢端电压,转速升高.改变电枢端电压,机械特性上下移动,但斜率不变, 即其硬度不变.此种调速方法的最在缺点是需要专用电源.在保持电枢电流为额定值时,可 保持转矩不变,故此法适用于恒转矩的负载调速. (3)改变串入电枢回路的电阻调速.在端电压及励磁电流一定,接入电枢回路的电阻为 零时,转速最高,增加电枢路电阻转速降低,故转速只能"调低"不能"调高" .增加电枢 电阻 ,机
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