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2025-02-27 10:07:37
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回答1:

声声慢 李清照
寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急?雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。
满地黄花堆积。憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得!
(苦苦地寻寻觅觅,却只见冷冷清清,怎不让人凄惨悲戚。乍暖还寒的时节,最难保养休息。喝三杯两杯淡酒,怎么能抵得住早晨的寒风急袭?一行大雁从眼前飞过,更让人伤心,因为都是旧日的相识。
园中菊花堆积满地,都已经憔悴不堪,如今还有谁来采摘?冷清清地守着窗子,独自一个人怎么熬到天黑?梧桐叶上细雨淋漓,到黄昏时分,还是点点滴滴。这般情景,怎么能用一个“愁”字了结!
靖康之变后,李清照国破,家亡,夫死,伤于人事。这时期李清照的作品再没有当年那种清新可人,浅斟低唱,而转为沉郁凄婉,主要抒写作者对亡夫赵明诚的怀念和自己孤单凄凉的景况。此词便是这时期的典型代表作品之一。
这首词大气包举,别无枝蔓,相关情事逐一说来,却始终紧扣悲秋之意,深得六朝抒情小赋之神髓,而以接近口语的朴素清新的语言谱入新声,运用凄清的音乐性语言进行抒情,又却体现了倚声家的不假雕饰的本色,诚属个性独具的抒情名作。)

蝶恋花 柳永
伫倚危楼风细细⑴,望极春愁⑵,黯黯生天际⑶。草色烟光残照里⑷,无言谁会凭栏意⑸。
拟把疏狂图一醉⑹,对酒当歌,强乐还无味⑺。衣带渐宽终不悔⑻,为伊消得人憔悴⑼。
(我伫立在高楼上,细细春风迎面吹来,极目远望,不尽的愁思,黯黯然弥漫天际。夕阳斜照,草色蒙蒙,谁能理解我默默凭倚栏杆的心意?
本想尽情放纵喝个一醉方休。当在歌声中举起酒杯时,才感到勉强求乐反而毫无兴味。我日渐消瘦也不觉得懊悔,为了你我情愿一身憔悴。
这首词妙紧拓“春愁”即“相思”,却又迟迟不肯说破,只是从字里行间向读者透露出一些消息,眼看要写到了,却又煞住,掉转笔墨,如此影影绰绰,扑朔迷离,千回百折,直到最后一句,才使真象大白。在词的最后两句相思感情达到高潮的时候,戛然而止,激情回荡,又具有很强的感染力。)

水调歌头 苏轼

明月几时有?把酒问青天。不知天上宫阙,今夕是何年。我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇。高处不胜寒,起舞弄清影,何似在人间。
转朱阁,低绮户,照无眠。不应有恨,何事长向别时圆?人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺,此事古难全。但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。
(这首词所表现的思想情感,本来甚为明显,苏轼因为政治处境的失意,以及和其弟苏辙的别离,中秋对月,不无抑郁惆怅之感。但是他没有陷在消极悲观的情绪中,旋即以超然达观的思想排除忧患,终于表现出对人间生活的热爱。)

水龙吟·登建康⑴赏心亭⑵ 辛弃疾
楚天千里清秋,水随天去秋无际。遥岑⑶远目,献愁供恨,玉簪螺髻⑷。落日楼头,断鸿⑸声里,江南游子。把吴钩⑹看了,阑干拍遍,无人会,登临意。
休说鲈鱼堪脍,尽西风、季鹰归未⑺?求田问舍,怕应羞见,刘郎才气⑻。可惜流年⑼,忧愁风雨⑽,树犹如此⑾!倩⑿何人唤取,红巾翠袖⒀,揾⒁英雄泪?
(辽阔的南国秋空千里冷落凄凉,江水随天空流去,秋天更无边无际。极目遥望远处的山岭,只引起我对国土沦落的忧愁和愤恨,还有那群山像女人头上的玉簪和螺髻。西下的太阳斜照着这楼头,在长空远飞离群孤雁的悲鸣声里,还有我这流落江南的思乡游子。我看着这宝刀,狠狠地把楼上的栏杆都拍遍了,也没有人领会我现在登楼的心意。别说鲈鱼切碎了能烹成佳肴美味,西风吹遍了,不知张季鹰已经回来了没?像只为自己购置田地房产的许汜,应怕惭愧去见才气双全的刘备。可惜时光如流水一般过去,我真担心着风雨飘荡中的国家,真像桓温所说树也已经长得这么大了!叫谁去请那些披红着绿的歌女,来为我擦掉英雄失意的眼泪!
全词通过写景和联想抒写了作者恢复中原国土,统一祖国的抱负和愿望无法实现的失意的感慨,深刻揭示了英雄志士有志难酬、报国无门、抑郁悲愤的苦闷心情,极大地表现了词人诚挚无私的爱国情怀。)

苏幕遮·燎沉香 周邦彦
燎沉香,消溽暑。鸟雀呼晴,侵晓窥檐语。叶上初阳干宿雨。水面清圆,一一风荷举。
故乡遥,何日去?家住吴门,久作长安旅。五月渔郎相忆否?小楫轻舟,梦入芙蓉浦。
(细焚沉香,来消除夏天闷热潮湿的暑气。鸟雀鸣叫呼唤着晴天(旧有鸟鸣可占雨之说),拂晓时分我偷偷听它们在屋檐下的“言语”。荷叶上初出的阳光晒干了昨夜的雨,水面上的荷花清润圆正,荷叶迎着晨风,每一片荷叶都挺出水面。 (看到这风景)我想到遥远的故乡,何日才能回去啊?我家本在吴越一带,长久地客居长安。五月,我故乡的小时候的伙伴是否在想我,划着一叶扁舟,在我的梦中来到了过去的荷花塘(词中指杭州西湖)。
这首词天然真美,不事雕饰,它以质朴无华的语言,准确而又生动地表现出荷花的风神与词人的乡愁,有一种从容雅淡、自然清新的风韵,这在周邦彦以雕饰取胜的词作中当为别具一格之作,陈延焯称赞此词“风致绝佳,亦见先生胸襟恬淡。”词人这份恬淡的胸襟不正是故乡“天然去雕饰”的荷花所赋予的吗?)

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