推荐回答(3个)
天麻生长习性:适宜于疏松、湿润的砂质壤土中生长,生长最适温度为15-28度,当地温低于8度、高于30度即停止生长。天麻不能自养,必须依靠蜜环菌提供养分而生长发育。即蜜环菌生长在木材上,天麻再吸收木材上的蜜环菌再生长。
1.备料:多种阔叶树(除松树、柏树等含油性以外的硬杂木不可使用)均可用做培养蜜环菌的木材,常用的有青杠、板栗、榆树、刺槐、杨柳、桦树等。
2.选地:选择湿润透气和渗水性良好、疏松、腐殖质含量丰富的壤土或沙壤土,挖深35厘米,长宽各85厘米的坑穴栽培。
3. 选种、拌种、栽种:
天麻可以作为有限繁殖和无限繁殖两种,在选择麻种时选取当年挖出的天麻,除去商品麻,把所有麻种选出再筛选,拣除烂麻、畸形麻等劣质麻种,最后确定为个头相当、健壮、外观整齐、个头大、成色好、无创伤的天麻作为次年使用的麻种。
栽前, 用新高脂膜10-50倍液拌种,防止病害侵入。将坑底挖松,整平后铺上一层阔叶树树叶及腐殖土,然后把事先准备好的木材均匀摆在坑底,材间距离 6-8厘米,每窝放6-8根木材。栽时把邮寄给你的密环菌枝紧靠放在木材两侧鱼鳞口处,再把天麻种子放在菌枝和木材处,以便使两者很快建立营养(共生)关系。之后把剩余的白色蜜环菌种分成黄豆大小的颗粒,均匀散放在木材中间。之后用腐殖土或细沙填平,轻轻压紧,不留空隙。若种子和菌种、菌枝数量多,可以在第一层上面再栽培一层,方法同上,但注意上、下木材方成“井”字形。最后在上面覆盖细土15厘米左右,上盖枯枝落叶,成龟背形,略高于地面,已利排水。
4.栽后管理:天麻栽种后不需要施肥,不用松土除草,保持野生状态。应经常保持土壤含水量在40%左右,地温15-28度。在根茎膨大期喷施药材根大灵溶液于叶面,可促使叶面光合作用产物(营养)向根系输送,提高营养转换率和松土能力,使根茎快速膨大,有效物质含量大大提高。夏季高温季节应用遮阳网或树枝遮光降温,防止人、畜踩踏。若遇干旱,可适量浇水。同时在雨季注意防止积水。
5、虫害防治:天麻病害主要有乱根病,发生乱根病两个原因: 一是杂菌侵梁天麻乱根;二是生长期雨水过多使天麻乱根。防治方法:选择排水良好的地栽天麻。菌材无杂菌感染,菌材间隙要填好。经常注意排水。防治方法:喷施针对性药物+新高脂膜800倍液进行灭杀。虫害主要有蛴螬、蝼蛄。防治方法:喷施针对性药物进行灭杀或用灯光诱杀成虫。
6、采收加工:一般在春季秋季10-11月采挖。挖出后用淘米水洗净泥沙和天麻表面的菌索,然后放蒸笼蒸10-25分钟,根据天麻大小而定。蒸好直接晾晒或烘干即可,注意阴雨天防止霉变。
天麻相对种植其它中药材,主要优势在于产量相对较高,价格行情一直比较稳定也相对较高,具体种植因地制宜,宜昌农顺天麻合作社是可以信赖的不搞招商加盟那一套,实打实合作,可以联系贾老板,13.618.690.299
天麻主治头痛,是很多的食材和药材。目前很多农民都在种植,宜昌最多。五峰牛庄的乌天麻也是很有名,且每亩产量大增,目前市场供不应求。五峰牛庄的乌天麻现已开挖,Q二七一四三三二九四零。。土家族家家户户以种植天麻为生,是主要的经济来源。十多年的种植技术,前景很可观。
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