什么是淋巴循环?

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2024-11-04 13:45:32
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

淋巴循环
(lymphatic circulation)指淋巴液在淋巴系统中的运行。淋巴液由淋巴毛细管经各级淋巴管及相应的淋巴结,最后汇入胸导管和右淋巴导管入静脉。淋巴循环,一是靠淋巴毛细管首端的压力(约8~10毫米水柱,1毫米水柱=0.0098千帕)与胸导管开口于静脉处的压力之差,此压力差很小,故淋巴液的流速缓慢,为静脉血流线速度的1/10。二是靠“淋巴管泵”,淋巴管中的瓣膜使淋巴液只能从外周向心脏方向流动,瓣膜和管壁平滑肌的收缩活动一起构成“淋巴管泵”,当淋巴管被淋巴液充盈而扩张时,其管壁平滑肌收缩,产生压力,迫使淋巴液通过瓣膜流入下一段淋巴管。此外,外力对淋巴管的压迫也能推动淋巴流动。如骨骼肌的节律性收缩、邻近动脉的脉搏、外部物体对身体组织的压迫和按摩等。淋巴循环的重要意义是:(1)回收组织液中的蛋白质。毛细血管动脉端可滤出少量蛋白质,其中包括抗体、蛋白质激素、酶等,它们在细胞间隙与细胞直接接触,发挥免疫和调节代谢等作用。组织液中的蛋白质不能逆浓度差重吸收回毛细血管,却很容易进入淋巴毛细管,每日由淋巴循环运回血液的蛋白质约95~200克,约占循环血浆蛋白总量的1/4~1/2。如果主要的淋巴管被阻塞,组织液中蛋白质积聚增多,组织液胶体渗透压不断升高,毛细血管处的液体交换严重障碍,可危及生命。(2)调节血浆与组织液之间的液体平衡。正常人安静状态下,每小时约有120毫升淋巴液流入血循环,一昼液约2~4升,相当于全身血浆总量。故淋巴循环是组织液回流的一个重要辅助系统。(3)运输脂肪及其他营养物质。经小肠粘膜吸收的营养物质,特别是脂肪约80~90%是经小肠绒毛的淋巴毛细管吸收运输,运输脂肪的淋巴液呈白色乳糜状,故肠绒毛的淋巴管又称乳糜管。(4)防御屏障作用。主要是淋巴结的功能。(见淋巴结)。

回答2:

回答3:

淋巴循环是血液循环的辅助
毛细淋巴管受到骨骼肌收缩的影响,就会使管内的淋巴由毛细淋巴管流入较大的淋巴管。较大的淋巴管和静脉一样,也有瓣膜,可阻止淋巴倒流,最后流到最大的淋巴管,再流入左右锁骨下的静脉。由此可见,淋巴循环是单向的。淋巴来自于毛细血管渗出的组织液,其中含有的成分与血浆相似,最终又送入血管,从而维持了血液成分,特别是血浆蛋白的稳定。
淋巴循环的液体约占整个组织液的1/10,通过淋巴循环,可以调节血浆和组织液之间的平衡,还可以将少量由毛细血管渗出的蛋白质运回血液,保证平衡。而在小肠,消化脂肪为甘油和脂肪酸,其中的大部分将由分布于小肠绒毛的毛细淋巴管吸收,运回血液。另外,淋巴流经淋巴结,其中的吞噬细胞具有防御保护的作用,总结如下:
1.调节血浆和组织液之间的平衡。
2.将蛋白质和小肠绒毛吸收的大部分脂肪运回血浆。
3.防御和保护作用。

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