为什么印度男女比例失调那么严重?

2025-02-23 16:33:42
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

印度人口比例悬殊之因

造成今日印度人口比例悬殊,最根本的原因有两个,一个是宗教因素,一个是传统文化影响。先来说说宗教,印度是一个多宗教并存且全民信教的国家,印度教、伊斯兰教信徒占全国人口的93%左右。虽然教派不同,但是每个宗教在鼓励生育方面基本一致,那就能生多少生多少。更为重要的是,几百年来印度宗教冲突不断,人口数量占据上风的教派优势明显。一个为了不受欺侮,只能多生育;一个为了保持人口优势,只好继续多生育。

从传统文化来说,印度重男轻女的思想严重。男子肩负着传宗接代的重任,一个没有儿子的家庭的残缺不完整的。因为死后没有儿子点燃火葬柴堆,灵魂无法升入天堂。这一点在印度广大农村地区表现得非常明显。此外,印度嫁女嫁妆非常高昂,一次差不多要十几甚至几十万元,对于普通家庭来说,一次嫁女,足以陷入破产。

印度有句俗话:一家若有三个女儿,全部家产都败光。而拥有男孩则意味着结婚时可以获得一份不菲的彩礼,少奋斗好多年。如果女性嫁过去带的嫁妆彩礼过少,不但在婆家毫无地位,遭受丈夫的家暴也是常有的事。即便是受过良好教育的印度家庭,也认为男孩比女孩好。此种大环境下,家家户户都想生儿子,以致于妇女在怀了女婴时会选择堕胎。

人工干预导致性别失衡

这一点在超声检查设备出现后,在怀孕女性中愈来愈成为一种风潮。根据《柳叶刀全球健康医学周刊》发表的一份研究报告显示,在2015年一年里,印度全国共有1560万例人工流产手术,是印度产妇死亡的第三大原因,可以肯定有一半左右流掉的是女婴。

近年来,由于女性的减少,人口拐卖、对女性的暴力事件在印度层出不穷,是40多年前的七八倍之多。根据预测,到2030年印度人口将有望突破史无前例的15亿,适婚单身男性将起码有4000万人找不到合适的结婚对象。

女性缺少,最直接的结果就是许多人不得不推迟结婚年龄,最穷的男人将娶不到妻子,社会治安不可避免地出现问题,将成为印度政府的一大考验!

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