推荐回答(3个)
在上海这个移民城市里,祖籍宁波的人占有很高的比例,有300多万呢。最有意思的是,语言学家细细考证下来,上海人称“我”“我们”为“阿拉”,其实“阿拉”不是上海方言,而是由宁波方言演变而来。不知从何时开始,“阿拉”替代了原生沪语的“伲”“我伲”。上海人喜食的黄泥螺、鳗鱼、苔条、水磨年糕等等,也是宁波习俗的渗透。点点滴滴,足见宁波移民对上海的影响之深之广。
社会学专家李瑊博士认为,从历史上考察,宁波人移民上海可以划分为三个阶段:从清初到上海开埠;从上海开埠到1911年;从1911年到1937年抗战爆发。
20世纪初年,上海人口持续激增,1927年已经达到264万人。20世纪二三十年代是旅沪宁波人发展的极盛之时。据当年对各地迁沪人口的估计,这一时期在沪宁波人有40余万。其中从商者有5万多人。他们以宁波同乡会为基础,发挥商业才干,逐渐渗透到上海经济的各个领域,特别五金、药业、颜料等行业,基本由宁波人控制,在上海金融、航运业,宁波人也占有举足轻重的地位。
根据社会学理论,移民可以分为生存型移民和发展型移民。生存型移民主要是迫于生计而迁移,而发展型移民主要是为了寻求发展机遇而迁移。
当宁波人背井离乡,告别明山甬水之际,他们没有“走西口”的惶恐,没有“闯关东”的悲凉。他们的目光里充盈着一份希冀,上海是希望之地。他们中有不少人是迫于生计来上海的,但更多的人是为了寻找发展机遇来到上海——他们是来闯世界的。
地理特点造就地域个性。宁波依山傍海,宁波人既有山地人坚韧刚强的性情特点,又有渔民搏击风浪的冒险精神。宁波是最早开展海上贸易的地区之一。这种谋生方式造就了宁波人的群体意识与合作精神。清代浙东学派反对道学末流的空谈,倡导“经世致用”务实主张,这一学风濡染了一代代宁波人,他们重实干,讲信誉,善于经营,勇于开拓。宁波移民幼年大多受过私塾教育,有一定的文化根底,接受新事物和融入城市的适应能力相对较高。
上海开埠后大批宁波移民都是白手起家。朱葆三、虞洽卿等宁波人最初的奋斗日子都是格外艰辛的。他们白天卖力做学徒,晚上学店务、攻英语,平时还注重收集行情信息,结交各路朋友……他们一步步打拼下来,最终成为上海滩上声名显赫的工商巨子。这些宁波移民的发迹过程,堪称传奇。
宁波人是上海开埠以来第一批闯荡大上海的江南移民,宁波人有精明的头脑过人的毅力,为上海滩的经济建设作出了不可磨灭的重大贡献。宁波人从商,海上闻人虞洽卿就是宁波人。上海人崇拜宁波人,宁波人被上海人认为是上层阶级,上海方言阿拉就来自宁波话。根据统计,在上海祖籍宁波人占三分之二,上海人有宁波血统的占百分之七十。
宁波到上海的新空列车54元/张票,如果在上海四五天,假设住招待所25元/人,住宾馆80元/人,每天伙食100元/人,交通30元/人,总共每天每个人的开销在250元左右,这可是最省得了。不过这里还没算上门票钱,上海的门票是非常贵的,50元左右的门票不稀奇,所以呢四五天身上没有个2000元就不要来玩了。否则玩的也不尽兴。
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