作为一个职业皇帝,雍正帝都有哪些彪炳千古的政策?

2025-03-13 22:39:32
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

首先就是整顿吏治。雍正帝深知康熙末年的弊政之一就是吏治败坏,所以雍正帝在位期间就喜欢那种执法严格、雷厉风行、气魄开拓的官员。由于吏治腐败问题由来已久,所以哪怕朝廷多次下令整顿都收效甚微,雍正帝就将李卫、田文静和鄂尔泰誉为“模范督抚”,这三位都是雍正朝有名的重臣,符合雍正帝的喜爱标准,还有很好的政绩,将他们作为模范,可以让其他官员多学习。

不过雍正帝有时候的镇压措施也过于严厉,不管实际情况,只要抗官,就以反叛论处。甚至有“共在一处,虽非下手之人,在旁目观,即系同恶共济”的人。所以虽然雍正帝确实改变了康熙末年吏治败坏的问题,但又让吏治问题走向另一个极端。


其次就是建立军机处。雍正七年雍正帝因为要对西北用兵而成立了军机处。军机处里谈论处理的事都是机密,选的都是内阁中谨密者入内,以处理紧急军务,辅佐雍正帝理政。由于军机处完全处在皇帝的掌控下,相当于皇帝的私人办公处,位置在内阁之上,所以之前内阁的拟旨及其批驳皇帝错误决议的权利就形同虚设了,皇帝得以独揽大权。这一举措让皇权的集中程度达到了中国封建帝制时期的巅峰。不过凡事都有两面性,虽然军机处让办事效率提高了,但是也让皇帝一人独尊,若皇帝都像是雍正帝这样的劳模还好,若皇帝是庸才,那么帝国的前途就堪忧了。 

接着就是完善了密折制度。清朝密折制度始于康熙末年,雍正帝继位后完善了这一制度。他鼓励和允许四品以上的中央或地方官员直接向皇帝递密折,使得朝政黑箱化,皇权神秘化。这一制度还起到了官员之间互相告密的作用,大大减少了官员做不臣之事的可能性,让官员们都老老实实的当差。当然这一制度也有其优越性,那就是广开言路,让正直的大臣可以直言进谏,没有顾虑。不过密折制度也容易让上下级官员产生隔阂,引起上下猜忌,不利于政令的实施和推行,可见层层负责的模式还是有一定科学性的。

 


最后雍正帝做的最大的一件事就是废弃贱籍、摊丁入亩了。所谓的贱籍就是排除在民籍之外,不属于士农工商任何一行,不能受教育,也不能参加科举改变人生,只能世世为奴。雍正元年雍正帝摘除了那些明朝建文年间因未依附朱棣而被编入“乐户(官妓)”籍的后代。同年他又废除了绍兴曾经反对朱元璋的那些人后代的“惰民”籍。

雍正五年又下令废除了粤东的“蜑户”籍。可见雍正帝在维护人权方面还是做出了一些贡献的。而摊丁入亩就更是一项重大改革了。几千年来百姓都要交土地税和人头税(百姓每人每年都要交的定额税收)两种,雍正元年雍正帝就下令实行丁银摊入田赋一并征收的原则,一改以往按人丁、地亩双重征税的政策,减轻了没有土地或者只有少量土地的农民的负担,如此一来就大大刺激了人口的增长。 

当然雍正帝推行的政策还有许多,如密建皇储、火耗归公等,可以说雍正帝确实是清朝一位难得的好皇帝,他也自诩“以勤先天下”、“朝乾夕惕”。他的一系列社会改革在康乾盛世中起到了承前启后的作用,甚至非常关键,可惜的是雍正帝福薄寿浅,每天兢兢业业的理政,竟只当了十三年皇帝就驾鹤西去,忙的都没时间出去游玩,只能 请画师为他画《雍正行乐图》以自娱自乐,要知道他老子康熙和儿子乾隆都先后下江南数次了,雍正帝跟他们相比真是一个认真负责、宵旰忧劳的皇帝。

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