推荐回答(2个)
轴承表面粗糙度分析
轴承在磨加工过程中,其工作表面是通过高速旋转的砂轮进行磨削的,因此在磨削时如果不按规定进行操作和调整设备,就会在轴承工作表面出现种种粗糙度缺陷,以致影响轴承的整体质量。轴承在精密磨削时,由于表面粗糙度要求很高,工作表面出现的磨削痕迹往往能用肉眼观察到,其表面磨削痕迹主要有以下几种。
一、表现出现交叉螺旋线痕迹
出现这种痕迹的原因主要是由于砂轮的母线平直性差,存在凹凸现象,在磨削时,砂轮与工件仅是部分接触,当工件或砂轮数次往返运动后,在工件表现就会再现交叉螺旋线且肉眼可以观察到。这些螺旋线的螺距与工件台速度、工件转速大小有关,同时也与砂轮轴心线和工作台导轨不平行有关。 (一)螺旋线形成的主要原因:
1.砂轮修整不良,边角未倒角,未使用冷却液进行修整; 2.工作台导轨导润滑油过多,致使工作台漂浮; 3.机床精度不好; 4.磨削压力过大等。
(二)螺旋线形成的具体原因:
1.V形导轨刚性不好,当磨削时砂轮产生偏移,只是砂轮边缘与工作表面接触; 2.修整吵轮时工作台换向速度不稳定,精度不高,使砂轮某一边缘修整略少; 3.工件本身刚性差;
4.砂轮上有破碎太剥落的砂粒和工件磨削下的铁屑积附在砂轮表面上,为此应将修整好的砂轮用冷却水冲洗或刷洗干净; 5.砂轮修整不好,有局部凸起等。 二、表面出现鱼鳞状
表面再现鱼鳞状痕迹的主要原因是由于砂轮的切削刃不够锋利,在磨削时发生“啃住”现象,此时振动较大造成工件表面出现鱼鳞状痕迹的具体原因是: 1. 砂轮表面有垃圾和油污物; 2. 砂轮未修整圆;
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3. 砂轮变钝,修整不够锋利;
4. 金刚石紧固架不牢固,金刚石摇动或金刚石质量不好不尖锐; 5. 砂轮硬度不均匀等。 三、工作面拉毛
表面再现拉毛痕迹的主要原因是由于粗粒度磨粒脱落后,磨粒夹在工件与砂轮之间而造成。工件表面在磨削时被拉毛的具体原因是: 1. 粗磨时遗留下来的痕迹,精磨时未磨掉; 2. 冷却液中粗磨粒与微小磨粒过滤不干净; 3. 粗粒度砂轮刚修整好时磨粒容易脱落; 4. 材料韧性有效期或砂轮太软; 5. 磨粒韧性与工件材料韧性配合不当等。
1、磨削速度过低,进给速度过快,进刀量过大,无进给磨削时间过短;
2、工件转速过高或工件轴和砂轮轴振动过大;
3、砂轮粒度太粗或过软;
4、砂轮修整速度过快或修整机构间隙过大;
5、修整砂轮的金刚石不锐利或质量不好;
6、超精用油石质量不好,安装位置不正确;
7、超精用煤油质量达不到要求;
8、超精时间过短等;【扫描信息测试信息】
轴承是当代机械设备中一种重要零部件。它的主要功能是支撑机械旋转体,降低其运动过程中的摩擦系数,并保证其回转精度。应用于冶金、风电、矿山机械、航天、汽车零部件等。
如果您有需要,可以关注欧波同材料分析研究中心。每个部门各司其职,仪器技术部负责测试前样品制样处理,旨在制样方法研究,为用户提供更高效准确的制样方法。应用技术部负责日常测试工作,对测试方案及结果进行研究,优化测量参数,提供更高质量的测量结果。软件技术部负责将大量测试数据积累统计,编写软件,为显微测试结果数值化开创新思路。产品部负责聘请各行业应用技术人才,对测量结果准确性进行监管,欢迎来电或留言咨询。
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