PCR技术主要应用的领域

2025-03-12 18:46:53
推荐回答(4个)
回答1:

感染性疾病

PCR在医学检验学中最有价值的应用领域就是对感染性疾病的诊断。理论上,只要样本有一个病原体存在,PCR就可以检测到。一般实验室也能检出10~100基因拷贝,

而目前病原体抗原检测方法一般需要105-7个病原体才可检测到。PCR对病原体的检测解决了免疫学检测的“窗口期”问题,可判断疾病是否处于隐性或亚临床状态。

扩展资料

1、标本间交叉污染:标本污染主要有收集标本的容器被污染,或标本放置时,由于密封不严溢于容器外,或容器外粘有标本而造成相互间交叉污染;标本核酸模板在提取过程中,由于吸样枪污染导致标本间污染;有些微生物标本尤其是病毒可随气溶胶或形成气溶胶而扩散,导致彼此间的污染。

2、PCR试剂的污染:主要是由于在PCR试剂配制过程中,由于加样枪、容器、双蒸水及其它溶液被PCR核酸模板污染。

回答2:

1、核酸的基础研究:基因组克隆
2、不对称PCR制备单链DNA用于DNA测序
3、反向PCR测定未知DNA区域
4、反转录PCR(RT-PCR)用于检测细胞中基因表达水平、RNA病毒量以及直接克隆特定基因的cDNA
5、荧光定量PCR用于对PCR产物实时监控
6、cDNA末端快速扩增技术
7、检测基因的表达
8、医学应用:检测细菌、病毒类疾病;诊断遗传疾病;诊断肿瘤;应用于法医物证学。

回答3:

下面是我在生物化学课本上找到的答案:

1、遗传病和某些疑难病的诊断以及孕妇的产前检查
2、病原体的检测。某些恶性疾病一般用微生物学、生化和免疫 学技术无法查出病原体时,可用PCR来检查。
3、法医和刑侦鉴定。PCR可灵敏检测出亲属间的亲缘关系,并对生物残留的痕量样品进行鉴定,因此,对刑侦极为有用。
4、癌基因的检查。
5、基因探针的制备。
6、基因组测序、染色体巡视。
7、cDNA库的构建。
8、基因突变的分析和定位诱变。
9、DNA重组。
10、基因的分享和克隆。

回答4:

聚合酶链式反应,简称PCR。它不仅可用于基因分离、克隆和核酸序列分析等基础研究,还可用于疾病的诊断或任何有DNA,RNA的地方.

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