推荐回答(2个)
印光大师对读佛经有过重要开示:
如何正确阅读佛经(印光大师作 )
入道多门,唯人志趣,了无一定之法。其一定者,曰诚,曰恭敬。此二事,虽尽未来际诸佛出世,皆不能易也。而吾人以博地凡夫,欲顿消业累,速证无生,不致力于此,譬如木无根而欲茂,鸟无翼而欲飞,其可得乎?!
世欲读书,绝无敬畏。晨起则不加盥漱,登厕则不行洗濯。或置座榻,或作枕头。夜卧而观,则与亵衣聚;对案而读,则与杂物乱堆。视圣贤之语言,同破坏之故纸,漫不介意,毫无敬容。念佛一法,乃至简至易,至广至大之法。必须恳切志诚之极,方能感应道交,即生亲获实益。若懒惰懈怠,毫无敬畏,虽种远因,而亵慢之罪,有不堪设想者也。
经典乃三世诸佛之师,如来法身舍利,亦当作真佛看,不可作纸墨等看。对经象时,当如忠臣之奉圣主,孝子之读遗嘱。能如是,则无业障而不消,无福慧而不足矣。
现今士大夫学佛者多,然率皆读其文,解其义,取其供给口头,以博一通家之名而已。至于恭敬志诚,依教修持者,诚为难得其人。余常谓,欲得佛法实益,须向恭敬中求。有一分恭敬,则消一分罪业,增一分福慧;有十分恭敬,则消十分罪业,增十分福慧。若无恭敬而致亵慢,则罪业愈增,而福慧愈减矣。哀哉!
礼诵持念,种种修持,皆当以诚敬为主。诚敬若极,经中所说功德,纵在凡夫地不能圆得,而其所得,亦已难思难议。若无诚敬,则与唱戏相同,其苦乐悲欢,皆属假妆,不由中出。纵有功德,亦不过人天痴福而已;而此痴福,必倚之以造恶业,其将来之苦,何有了期!
曰诚,曰恭敬。此语举世咸知,此道举世咸昧。(某某)由罪业深重,企消除罪业,以报佛恩,每寻求古德之修持懿范,由是而知诚与恭敬,实为超凡入圣了生脱死之极妙秘决。故常与有缘者谆谆言之。
至于阅经,若欲作法师,为众宣扬,当先阅经文,次看注疏。若非精神充足,见解过人,罔不徒劳心力,虚丧岁月?
若欲随分亲得实益,必须至诚恳切,清净三业。或先端坐少顷,凝定身心,然后拜佛朗诵,或止默阅。或拜佛后端坐少顷,然后开经。必须端身正坐,如对圣容,亲聆圆音,不敢萌一念懈怠,不敢起一念分别,从首至尾,一直阅去,无论若文若义,一概不加理会。如是阅经,利根之人,便能悟二空理,证实相法。即根机钝劣,亦可以消除业障,增长福慧。六祖谓,但看金刚经,即能明心见性,即指如此看耳,故名曰□但□。能如此看,诸大乘经,皆能明心见性,岂独金刚经为然。
若一路分别,此一句是甚么义,此一段是甚么义,全属凡情妄想,卜度思量,岂能冥符佛意,圆悟经旨,因兹业障消灭,福慧增崇乎?若知恭敬,犹能少种善根,倘全如老学究之读儒书,将见亵慢之罪,岳耸渊深。以善因而招恶果,即此一辈人也。
古人专重听经,以心不能起分别故。如有一人出声诵经,一人于旁摄心谛听,字字句句,务期分明。其心专注,不敢外缘一切声色。若稍微放纵,便致断绝,文义不能贯通矣。诵者有文可依,心不大摄,亦能诵得清楚;听者惟声是托,一经放纵,便成割裂。若能如此听,比诵者能至诚恭敬之功德等。若诵者恭敬稍疏,则其功德,难与听者相比矣。
今人视佛经如故纸,经案上杂物与经乱堆。而手不盥洗,口不漱荡,身或摇摆,足或翘举,甚至放*抠脚,一切肆无忌惮,而欲阅经获福灭罪,唯欲灭佛法之魔王,为之证明赞叹,谓其活泼圆融,深合大乘不执着之妙道。真修实践之佛子见之,唯有黯然神伤,潸焉出涕,嗟其魔眷横兴,无可如何耳。
智者诵经,豁然大悟,寂尔入定,岂有分别心之所能得哉。一古德写法华经,一心专注,遂得念极情亡,至天黑定,尚依旧写,侍者入来,言天黑定了,只么还写,随即伸手不见掌矣。如此阅经,与参禅看话头,持咒念佛,同一专心致志。至于用力之久,自有一旦豁然贯通之益耳。明雪峤信禅师,宁波府城人,目不识丁。中年出家,苦参力究,忍人所不能忍,行人所不能行,其苦行实为人所难能,久之大彻大悟,随口所说,妙契禅机。犹不识字,不能写,久之则识字矣。又久之则手笔纵横,居然一大写家。此诸利益,皆从不分别专精参究中来。阅经者亦当以此为法。
阅经时,断断不可起分别,自然妄念潜伏,天真发现。若欲研究义理,或翻阅注疏,当另立一时,唯事研究。当研究时,虽不如阅时之严肃,亦不可全无恭敬,不过比阅时稍舒泰些。未能业消智朗,须以阅为主,研究但略带;否则终日穷年,但事研究,纵令研得如拨云见月、开门见山一样,亦只是口头活计,于身心性命、生死分上,毫无干涉。腊月三十日到来,决定一毫也用不着。
若能如上所说阅经,当必业消智朗,三种情见,当归于无何有之乡矣。若不如是阅经,非但三种情见,未必不生,或恐由宿业力,引起邪见,拨无因果,及淫杀盗妄种种烦恼,相继而兴,如火炽然。而犹以为大乘行人,一切无碍,遂援六祖心平何劳持戒之语,而诸戒俱以破而不破为真持矣。甚矣,修行之难得真法也!
所以诸佛诸祖,主张净土者,以承佛慈力,制伏业力,不能发现耳。当以念佛为主,阅经为助。〖若法华,楞严,华严,涅盘,金刚,圆觉。或专主一经,或此六经,一一轮阅,皆无不可。而阅之之法,断断不可不依吾说,而苟且从事。致令不思议利益,由肆无忌惮并分别妄情而失之。岂不哀哉!〗
夫如来灭度,所存者唯经与像。若以土木金彩等像视作真佛,即能灭业障而破烦惑,证三昧而出生死。若以土木金彩视之,则亦土木金彩而已。又土木金彩,亵之则无过;若以亵土木金彩之佛像,则其过弥天矣。
读诵佛经祖语,直当作现前佛祖为我亲宣,不敢稍萌怠忽。能是如者,我说其人必能即生高登九品,彻证一真。否则是游戏法门,其利益不过多知多见,说得了了,一丝不得真实受用,乃道听途说之能事也。古人于三宝分中,皆存实敬,不徒泛泛然口谈已也。今人口尚不肯谈一屈字,况实行乎?
在一个宁静、无污染的处所,洗干净手,然后,左手拿佛珠,右手翻经书,一边念,一边数佛珠。
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