推荐回答(1个)
不是四大印发,是四大印章石。
中国四大印章石分别为福建寿山石、浙江青田石、浙江昌化石和内蒙古巴林石。
1、寿山石
寿山石产自福建省福州市北郊40公里有一个名叫“寿山”的小山村,寿山石矿脉分布在小村四周的群山溪野间,明朝以后,寿山石开始应用于印章材料。寿山石的特点是,其质洁净如玉,柔而易攻,备受篆刻家们的赏识。 寿山石矿床分布于福建省福州市北郊寿山村周围群峦、溪野之间,西自 旗山,东至连江县隔界,北起墩洋,南达月洋,约有十几公里方圆。 寿山石属火山热液交代(充填)型叶腊石矿床,根据地质研究,距今 1.4亿万年的侏罗纪,由于火山喷发,形成火山岩(火山碎屑岩),其后,在 火山喷发的间隙或喷发结束之后,伴有大量的酸性气、热液活动,交代分解 围岩中的长石类矿物,将K、Na、Ca、Mg和Fe等杂质淋失,而残留下来的较稳 定的Al、Si等元素,在一定的物理条件下,或重新结晶成矿或由岩石中溶脱 出来的Al、Si质溶胶体,沿着周围岩石的裂隙沉淀晶化而成矿。 矿石的矿物成份以叶腊石为主,其次为石英,水铝石和高岭石,少量黄铁矿。
2、青田石
青田石产自浙江省青田县县城东南的山口,方山,岩垄,白垟,封门山一带,纹理细腻温润,是雕刻,篆刻的理想材料。青田石的主要组成矿物也为叶蜡石,有黄、白、青、绿、灰等颜色,以石质细腻透明为上品,即所谓冻。青田石除灯光冻、兰花青、封门青外,还有黄金耀、竹叶青、金玉冻、白果青田、红青田、紫檀、蓝花钉、封门三彩、水藻花、煨冰纹、皮蛋冻、酱油冻等,均于实物名称相类,易辨。近出龙蛋石,系暗红杂石包裹体,内往往有圆或椭圆上品封门青独石,极为珍稀;形成类似田黄,价值亦愈益昂贵。也有叫朱砂青田的“鸡血石”。
3、昌化石
昌化鸡血石是按照物质成分、透明度、光泽、硬度等因素划分成冻地、软地、刚地、硬地四大类。鸡血石的品质首先按血色的多少、形态、鲜艳程度的不同加以区分,一般以血多、色鲜、形美的为最佳,血质以深沉有厚重感,血有集结或斑布均匀更佳。血量少于10%为一般,30%以上为中、高档,大于50%为珍品,70%以上者十分难得。根据鸡血石的质地和血色又可分为:大红袍、玻璃冻、田黄冻、羊脂冻等等。
4、巴林石
据朱星白等《巴林石》所述,主要依据颜色、质地、纹理和结构,将巴林石分为鸡血石、福黄石、冻石、彩石和图案石五大类。
鸡血石
巴林鸡血石指含有红色辰砂的巴林石,质地多为透明、半透明;血色有鲜红、朱红、暗红、橘红等。血形呈片状、块状、条带状、星点状等。各品种均以各种“红”命名,如夕阳红、彩霞红、牡丹红、金橘红。
福黄石
凡主体呈黄色且透明半透明者均属此类.还可按色调及纹理细分若干品种,如鸡油黄、密蜡黄、流沙黄等。其中金橘黄可与田黄媲美。
冻石
凡透明半透明、无血又以黄色为地的巴林石均为冻石,是巴林石品种最多的一类。按其主体特征因素命名,有水晶、芙蓉冻、羊脂冻等。
彩石
凡无血非黄非冻的巴林石均为此类,最明显的特征是质地不透明而色彩丰富,因而品种命名也就丰富多彩,如红花石、黄花石、咖啡石、木纹石等。
图案石
指巴林石中带有各种天然景物图案并有一定观赏价值的一类,可凭借主题而命名。
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