汉武帝有六个儿子,个个都很优秀,为何最后选择刘弗陵继位呢?
推荐回答(4个)
中原王朝自西周就确立了立嫡不立长,立长不立幼的规矩,原配生的长子一般都会被立为太子,纵然是太子有缺陷或者皇帝不喜欢,但囿于礼法和百官的劝阻也会勉为其难,当年刘邦就想废太子刘盈立赵王如意,被吕后张良等人拦下来;晋惠帝是个傻瓜、朱高炽是个残废照样上位。
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汉武帝16岁即位,精力旺盛,但原配陈阿娇皇后嫁入多年却一无所出,急的汉武帝跳脚,29岁那年才由歌女卫子夫生下第一个儿子,也就是后来立为太子的刘据。
刘据做太子期间的历史记载极少,父亲是在位54年的大有为之君,儿子自然被隐去光芒,但汉武帝晚年极为血腥的“巫蛊案”把他牵涉出来,这起诡秘的案件,起于大盗朱安世,被奸人江充借机利用,包括皇后卫子夫,太子刘据,阳石公主,诸邑公主,卫青的儿子卫伉等在内统统丧命,可以说是一次大清洗。
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武帝一共只有六个儿子,次子齐怀王刘闳早逝;三子燕剌王刘旦在太子死后主动上书要求立自己为太子,引发汉武帝猜忌,被削去三个县,就此失宠;四子广陵厉王刘胥是刘旦的同胞兄弟,浪荡子,刘彻从来都不喜欢;五子昌邑哀王刘髆本来很有希望,母亲是“北方有佳人”的李夫人,生前宠冠后宫,大舅舅李延年是刘彻基友,小舅舅李广利是贰师将军,丞相刘屈氂也大力捧他上位,无奈李广利投降了匈奴,刘屈氂因为参与诬陷太子刘据被刘彻诛杀,刘髆受了牵连,且在汉武帝去世前一年,刘髆就提前走了。
只剩下最小的儿子年仅八岁却“壮大多知”的刘弗陵。
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刘弗陵的母亲是钩弋夫人,传说此女天生握拳不能伸展,汉武帝过河间,“望气者言此有奇女”,于是召见她并将其手展开,展开后掌中握有一玉钩,因此被称为拳夫人,又称钩弋夫人(高度怀疑是装神弄鬼),不知道曹雪芹老先生写贾宝玉“含玉而生”是不是受到钩弋夫人的启发。
钩弋夫人进宫以后就被封为婕妤,太始三年,钩弋夫人生了一个儿子,也就是刘弗陵,神奇的是:钩弋夫人足足怀孕14个月才生下儿子,与传说中上古神皇尧一样,汉武帝大喜,当即把刘弗陵所生之门改名为尧母门。
以上两件事情都见于正史,可见当时确有其事,但是从今天科学角度来看几乎是不可能的,钩弋夫人的背后应该有一个庞大的团队,从入宫到生孩子,算无遗策,所以才整出接二连三的怪事。
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刘弗陵从小体格健壮、聪明伶俐,与汉武帝小时候很像,汉武帝也十分喜欢他,加之其他几个儿子不争气,所以太子死后武帝早早流露出立刘弗陵为接班人的意向,他命内廷画工绘制“周公辅成王”的图画,赐给奉车都尉霍光,暗示群臣自己欲立小儿子刘弗陵为太子。而在去世之前,为了防止自己死后主少母壮、吕后之事重演,武帝又将刘弗陵的生母钩弋夫人赐死。
后元二年(公元前87年),汉武帝去世,传位八岁的刘弗陵,也就是汉昭帝,霍光、金日磾、上官桀、桑弘羊四人被钦定为辅政大臣,霍光为总领!
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汉昭帝八岁即位,21岁去世,在位时间很短,并无大的政绩,但就历史记载来看,这孩子的确天赋异禀,元凤元年(公元前80年),年幼的刘弗陵将上官桀、桑弘羊等主谋政变的大臣统统逮捕,满门诛杀,稳固了政权,后期虽然让霍光坐大,但霍光兢兢业业,选择了刘据一脉的刘病已即位,开创“孝宣中兴”的伟业,守住了汉室江山。
因为刘弗陵是他晚年最宠幸的儿子,他虽然年纪小,但是很有实力。
这个说法不太对,汉武帝的太子去世后,他剩下的儿子没几个有才能,所以才不得已立刘弗陵。
因为只有刘弗陵背后没有任何外戚,可以防止出现后宫干政的局面。
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