推荐回答(2个)
⑴考虑到真空系统的漏空气量与负荷有关,试验时应保持机组有功负荷≥80%额定负荷且稳定运行。投入AGC控制的机组,在试验过程中应解除AGC,同时将机炉协调控制(CCS)解除,转为DEH的“阀位控制”模式,同时应稳定锅炉燃烧及机前参数,并对汽轮机的进汽量进行控制不变。
⑵空冷机组运行背压要受到冷却风机转速变化的影响,为了减少空冷风机转速变化对试验结果的干扰,空冷风机必须根据当时负荷,解除转速自动调整,在试验期间应保持某一个固定转速运行。
⑶低压轴封供汽压力对真空严密性试验的结果有直接影响,为了尽可能真实地反映严密性,建议在实验前将低压轴封的供汽压力调整到能够保证汽轮机油质水分不至于超标的最高压力。以便于最大限度地减少从汽轮机低压轴封漏入空冷凝汽器的空气量。
⑷在试验期间,为了保证直接空冷机组安全运行,应根据确定机组的背压运行曲线控制机组背压在安全的范围。同时应留出一定的安全裕量。
⑸在试验前,应检查备用真空泵在良好的备用状态,备用真空泵启动试验正常后可以进行开始试验前的机组运行参数记录。
⑹真空严密性试验期间应记录的参数有:当时大气压力;环境温度;当时的风向、风速;试验期间的负荷;低压轴封供汽压力;新蒸汽及再热蒸汽的压力、温度以及流量;空冷风机的转速等。
⑺直接空冷机组进行真空严密性试验所需要的时间比较长。实际运行中,需要将空冷风机转速调整到适合进行试验所需要的背压(至少25 kPa的背压富裕量),调整了风机转速后机组背压不会马上发生变化,约需要2~3分钟的时间方可达到稳定;停止真空泵后,背压因受到当时气象条件的影响,有可能还要进一步降低,等到背压开始升高时,也需要一定的时间。
⑻试验前的参数记录结束后,停止运行真空泵。
⑼由于直接空冷凝汽器内的负压容积相当大。停止所有真空泵运行后,机组背压一般不会马上发生变化,所以应等待一段时间,待背压开始上升后正式开始试验。严密性较好的机组从停止真空泵运行到背压开始上升的时间一般有1~2分钟的延时;同时,在背压升高的前几分钟,其下降速度往往不准确,所以建议记录开始时间应从停止真空泵运行后的5分钟开始每分钟记录一次各个相关参数。
⑽试验过程中应维持汽温、汽压稳定并严密监视如各轴承振动,低压缸排汽温度,轴向位移,差胀等参数的变化。
⑾湿冷机组严密性试验的方法规定共做8分钟,以后5分钟的背压平均上升速度作为试验结果。直接空冷机组在背压允许的安全范围内,进行试验的时间应长一些,以便于收集尽可能多的参数,以便于对其整理分析后得出修正后的试验结果。同时,由于气象条件等不确定因素的干扰,我们建议取较长时间的平均值作为原始的试验依据。
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