电铬铁焊接电路板元器件,哪些现象说明是焊接不良品?
推荐回答(1个)
想自己焊吗?你不行的,要好多的工具。
手工焊接技术
一、手工焊接方法
手工焊接是传统的焊接方法,虽然批量电子产品生产已较少采用手工焊接了,但对电子产品的维修、调试中不可避免地还会用到手工焊接。焊接质量的好坏也直接影响到维修效果。手工焊接是一项实践性很强的技能,在了解一般方法后,要多练;多实践,才能有较好的焊接质量。
手工焊接握电烙铁的方法,有正握、反握及握笔式三种。焊接元器件及维修电路板时以握笔式较为方便。
手工焊接一般分四步骤进行。①准备焊接:清洁被焊元件处的积尘及油污,再将被焊元器件周围的元器件左右掰一掰,让电烙铁头可以触到被焊元器件的焊锡处,以免烙铁头伸向焊接处时烫坏其他元器件。焊接新的元器件时,应对元器件的引线镀锡。②加热焊接:将沾有少许焊锡和松香的电烙铁头接触被焊元器件约几秒钟。若是要拆下印刷板上的元器件,则待烙铁头加热后,用手或银子轻轻拉动元器件,看是否可以取下。③清理焊接面:若所焊部位焊锡过多,可将烙铁头上的焊锡甩掉(注意不要烫伤皮肤,也不要甩到印刷电路板上!),用光烙锡头"沾"些焊锡出来。若焊点焊锡过少、不圆滑时,可以用电烙铁头"蘸"些焊锡对焊点进行补焊。④检查焊点:看焊点是否圆润、光亮、牢固,是否有与周围元器件连焊的现象。
二、焊接质量不高的原因
手工焊接对焊点的要求是:①电连接性能良好;②有一定的机械强度;③光滑圆润。
造成焊接质量不高的常见原因是:①焊锡用量过多,形成焊点的锡堆积;焊锡过少,不足以包裹焊点。②冷焊。焊接时烙铁温度过低或加热时间不足,焊锡未完全熔化、浸润、焊锡表面不光亮(不光滑),有细小裂纹(如同豆腐渣一样!)。③夹松香焊接,焊锡与元器件或印刷板之间夹杂着一层松香,造成电连接不良。若夹杂加热不足的松香,则焊点下有一层黄褐色松香膜;若加热温度太高,则焊点下有一层碳化松香的黑色膜。对于有加热不足的松香膜的情况,可以用烙铁进行补焊。对于已形成黑膜的,则要"吃"净焊锡,清洁被焊元器件或印刷板表面,重新进行焊接才行。④焊锡连桥。指焊锡量过多,造成元器件的焊点之间短路。这在对超小元器件及细小印刷电路板进行焊接时要尤为注意。⑤焊剂过量,焊点明围松香残渣很多。当少量松香残留时,可以用电烙铁再轻轻加热一下,让松香挥发掉,也可以用蘸有无水酒精的棉球,擦去多余的松香或焊剂。⑥焊点表面的焊锡形成尖锐的突尖。这多是由于加热温度不足或焊剂过少,以及烙铁离开焊点时角度不当浩成的内
三、易损元器件的焊接
易损元器件是指在安装焊接过程中,受热或接触电烙铁时容易造成损坏的元器件,例如,有机铸塑元器件、MOS集成电路等。易损元器件在焊接前要认真作好表面清洁、镀锡等准备工作,焊接时切忌长时间反复烫焊,烙铁头及烙铁温度要选择适当,确保一次焊接成功。此外,要少用焊剂,防止焊剂侵人元器件的电接触点(例如继电器的触点)。焊接MOS集成电路最好使用储能式电烙铁,以防止由于电烙铁的微弱漏电而损坏集成电路。由于集成电路引线间距很小,要选择合适的烙铁头及温度,防止引线间连锡。焊接集成电路最好先焊接地端、输出端、电源端,再焊输入端。对于那些对温度特别敏感的元器件,可以用镊子夹上蘸有元水乙醇(酒精)的棉球保护元器件根部,使热量尽量少传到元器件上。
<------------以上从网上找的,以下是要注意的东东------》
要焊好的一些要领是:
1引脚要干净
2焊盘要干净
如果不干净,剩下的应是焊锡或助焊剂
3烙铁头应含锡,没有杂物
4用带松香的焊丝
5不要追求一次焊好,特别是IC
你可以一排粗焊一次以后用含锡较多的烙铁头从头到尾带一次就OK了。这个过程里,每次经过引脚都不到一秒,放心好了。你要注意的是:带焊时应将电路板倾斜,顺着引脚由上而下往下拉(速度不要太快,也不必太慢---做几次积累经验就好了),不能放水平,否则不会均匀的。---这是我的经验,不用担心。多向你的朋友介绍。
6注意事项
有的人怕焊坏,烙铁一碰就抽起来,这是不可能焊好的,焊锡都没有充分熔化,能行不?对这点,其实你想一下,一个引脚允许焊5秒,你一秒不到怕什么?!刚刚入门的人一定要注意这点。
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