我国现在到底是通货膨胀还是紧缩，通货膨胀不是供不应求才会引起的吗
推荐回答（2个）
第一,中国已经实行了20多年的改革开放,市场经济已经有了长足的发展,许多经济领域已经实现了完全的市场化；
第二,中国的许多关键产业仍然处于国有垄断之下,国外资本和民间资本极难涉足.在国家垄断的情况下,国家对教育,医疗等行业的投入并不充裕.教育投入占GDP的比例为2.3%,医疗投入占GDP的比例为4.3%,均处于世界各国投入比例排名的后列,与中国的经济地位十分不称.与此同时这些行业的商品因为投资不足导致长期处于紧缺状态.而房地产的土地存量,通信行业,能源和原材料行业,因为国家的垄断也造成了一定的紧缺状态.这种紧缺状态使垄断经济体内出现了大幅度的通货膨胀,对普通老百姓的影响非常之大.这种影响主要表现在四方面,
其一,因为大多数垄断产品都是基本必需品,老百姓只能被动的接受这种价格,用超高的价格来购买这些商品.
其二,由于融资渠道的问题,普通老百姓手中的闲置资金无法投资这些行业,也就无法参与这些行业的利益分配.而只能从事下游的一些投资活动.这些下游投资活动承担了相当大的行业风险,但并不能得到多少利益.炒房投资和股市投资就是两个典型的投资活动
.其三,由于大量的资金被用于购买垄断经济体的高价必需产品,所以用于购买市场经济体中的家电,食品,电子,以及其他一些轻工业商品的资金就不断的减少,这就是所谓的“挤出”效应,因此导致相对的内需不足.这种内需不足是被动的不足,无法通过积极的货币政策和财政政策来拉动,因为这些政策只会使垄断经济体的通货膨胀继续扩大,更进一步打压市场经济体；而稳健的财政政策同样也会打压市场经济体,所以在GDP增长9%以上很高的情况下,国家也无法采取加息政策来平抑固定资产投资过热.其四,根据经济学的观点,失业和通货膨胀率是成反相关的（菲利普斯曲线）,也就是说通货膨胀率越低,失业率越高.反之,通货膨胀率越高,失业率相应降低.通货膨胀与紧缩并存的假设能很好的解释为什么中国在GDP高速增长的情况下,中国的失业率却在升高.因为中国的就业市场主要集中在市场化程度比较高的经济体内,市场化经济体的通货紧缩导致大量人员失业；而对于垄断行业,一方面它的就业门槛很高,另一方面它的垄断性也导致它的人员流动性较差,无法吸纳更多的人员就业.
这种通货膨胀和紧缩并存现象的结果是房地产等行业的商品不断上涨且供不应求,家电等行业的商品价格不断下跌且供大于求.这种情况任其发展下去非常危险,因为普通老百姓的大部分收入恰恰是从市场经济体中得来的,我们不断的从市场经济体抽血输入到垄断经济体,普通老百姓的钱越来越少,其结果是市场经济体的内需越来越不足,两个经济体之间的矛盾会越来越大.一旦中国作为经济基础的市场经济体受到通货紧缩的打击而萎缩和发展停滞,其垄断经济体也必然会受到沉重打击.
望采纳，谢谢！
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