不定式,过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别

2024-11-02 23:27:50
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1)AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)cost(花费)costcostcut(割)cutcuthit(打)hithithurt伤害)hurthurtlet(让)letletput(放)putputread(读)readread(2)AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)beat(跳动)beatbeaten(3)ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)become(变成)becamebecomecome(来)camecomerun(跑)ranrun(4)ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)dig(挖)dugdugget(得到)gotgothang(吊死)hangedhangedhang(悬挂)hunghunghold(抓住)heldheldshine(照耀)shoneshonesit(坐)satsatwin(赢)wonwonmeet(遇见)metmetkeep(保持)keptkeptsleep(睡)sleptsleptsweep(扫)sweptsweptfeel(感觉)feltfeltsmell(闻)smeltsmeltleave(离开)leftleftbuild(建设)builtbuiltlend(借出)lentlentsend(传送)sentsentspend(花费)spentspentlose(丢失)lostlostburn(燃烧)burntburntlearn(学习)learntlearntmean(意思是)meantmeantcatch(抓住)caughtcaughtteach(教)taughttaughtbring(带来)broughtbroughtfight(战斗)foughtfoughtbuy(买)boughtboughtthink(想)thoughtthoughthear(听见)heardheardsell(卖)soldsoldtell(告诉)toldtoldsay(说)saidsaidfind(找到)foundfoundhave/has(有)hadhadmake(制造)mademadestand(站)stoodstoodunderstand明白understoodunderstood(5)ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)begin(开始)beganbegundrink(喝)drankdrunkring(铃响)rangrungsing(唱)sangsungswim(游泳)swamswumblow(吹)blewblowndraw(画)drewdrawnfly(飞)flewflowngrow(生长)grewgrownknow(知道)knewknownthrow(投掷)threwthrownshow(出示)showedshownbreak(打破)brokebrokenchoose(选择)chosechosenforget(忘记)forgotforgotten(forgot)speak(说,讲)spokespokenwake(醒)wokewokedrive(驾驶)drovedriveneat(吃)ateeatenfall(落下)fellfallengive(给)gavegivenrise(升高)roserisentake(取)tooktakenmistake(弄错)mistookmistakenride(骑)roderiddenwrite(写)wrotewrittendo(做)diddonego(去)wentgonelie(平躺)laylainsee(看见)sawseenwear(穿)worewornbe(am,is,are)(是)was,werebeen去分词与现在分词被动式的区别(1)过去分词在构成完成时态,不定式完成式以及被动语态时,通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)eg:Thedoorwasclosedanhourago.这门在一小时前就关闭了。Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework。他们已经做完了家庭作业(2)过去分词作前置定语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg:Thatwasaninspiredsuggestion.那是一条由某人提出的建议。同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时,也不能用过去分词来代替。eg:Thehousebeingbuiltisabigproject.正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时,不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg:Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.(表条件)'多给点时间,我会做得更好些。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(表示条件)如果多关心一些,这些树会长得更好。Heated,themetalexpands.(表示时间)加热后,这种金属会膨胀。Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.(表示时间)问及为何要做此事时,他说这是他的职责。(4)过去分词作表语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg:Thetopofthemountainiscoveredwithsnow.山顶满是雪。(5)过去分词在构成have,get,want等动词后的复合宾语时,不能用现在分词一般被动式。eg:Whydon’tyouhavetheradiofixed?你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?尤其是一些感官动词,如:see,hear,find等后构成复合宾语时,过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。eg:Iheardthissongbeingsungbymystudentsinthenextroom.我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。(注:现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)IhaveneverheardthissongsunginEnglish.我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。(注:过去分词表示己完成的动作)(6)在下面一些比较固定的分词独立结构中,通常多用过去分词。eg:alltold总计allthingsconsidered考虑了一切因素之后thisaccomplished完成这项工程之后thisexplantiongiven这样解释之后allsaidanddone毕竟二.过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别:及物动词的过去分词没有完成式,但它有“完成”的含义,所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。eg:Thebridgehadbeenweakenedbysuccessivestormsandwasnolongersafe.Weakenedbysuccessivestorms,thebridgewasnolongersafe.Havingbeenweakenedbysuccessivestorms,thebridgewasnolongersafe.这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后,己经不安全了。但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时,可用现在分词完成被动式。eg:Havingbeenwarnedaboutthebandits,helefthisvaluablesathome。当警告有强盗出没时,他就把贵重物品留在家里。通常过去分词可作定语使用,而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语。eg:Thecomputercentre,openedlastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.去年开的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)